textstat_simil.RdThese functions compute matrixes of distances and similarities between
documents or features from a dfm and return a
dist object (or a matrix if specific targets are
selected). They are fast and robust because they operate directly on the sparse
dfm objects.
textstat_dist(x, selection = NULL, margin = c("documents", "features"), method = "euclidean", upper = FALSE, diag = FALSE, p = 2) textstat_simil(x, selection = NULL, margin = c("documents", "features"), method = "correlation", upper = FALSE, diag = FALSE)
| x | a dfm object |
|---|---|
| selection | a valid index for document or feature names from |
| margin | identifies the margin of the dfm on which similarity or
difference will be computed: |
| method | method the similarity or distance measure to be used; see Details |
| upper | whether the upper triangle of the symmetric \(V \times V\) matrix is recorded |
| diag | whether the diagonal of the distance matrix should be recorded |
| p | The power of the Minkowski distance. |
textstat_simil and textstat_dist return
dist class objects if selection is NULL, otherwise, a
matrix is returned matching distances to the documents or features
identified in the selection.
textstat_dist options are: "euclidean" (default),
"chisquared", "chisquared2",
"kullback". "manhattan", "maximum", "canberra",
and "minkowski".
textstat_simil options are: "correlation" (default),
"cosine", "jaccard", "ejaccard", "dice",
"edice", "simple matching", "hamann", and
"faith".
If you want to compute similarity on a "normalized" dfm object
(controlling for variable document lengths, for methods such as correlation
for which different document lengths matter), then wrap the input dfm in
dfm_weight(x, "prop").
The "chisquared" metric is from Legendre, P., & Gallagher,
E. D. (2001).
"Ecologically
meaningful transformations for ordination of species data".
Oecologia, 129(2), 271–280. doi.org/10.1007/s004420100716
The "chisquared2" metric is the "Quadratic-Chi" measure from Pele,
O., & Werman, M. (2010).
"The
Quadratic-Chi Histogram Distance Family". In Computer Vision – ECCV
2010 (Vol. 6312, pp. 749–762). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15552-9_54.
"kullback" is the Kullback-Leibler distance, which assumes that
\(P(x_i) = 0\) implies \(P(y_i)=0\), and in case both \(P(x_i)\) and
\(P(y_i)\) equals to zero, then \(P(x_i) * log(p(x_i)/p(y_i))\) is
assumed to be zero as the limit value. The formula is:
$$\sum{P(x)*log(P(x)/p(y))}$$
All other measures are described in the proxy package.
textstat_dist, as.list.dist,
dist
# create a dfm from inaugural addresses from Reagan onwards presDfm <- dfm(corpus_subset(data_corpus_inaugural, Year > 1990), remove = stopwords("english"), stem = TRUE, remove_punct = TRUE) # distances for documents (d1 <- textstat_dist(presDfm, margin = "documents"))#> 1993-Clinton 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush 2005-Bush 2009-Obama #> 1997-Clinton 58.90671 #> 2001-Bush 52.82045 63.63961 #> 2005-Bush 62.79331 73.38256 54.32311 #> 2009-Obama 51.66237 59.95832 50.70503 62.33779 #> 2013-Obama 51.30302 60.81118 49.03060 57.90509 48.48711 #> 2017-Trump 52.14403 65.85590 48.79549 58.00000 55.65968 #> 2013-Obama #> 1997-Clinton #> 2001-Bush #> 2005-Bush #> 2009-Obama #> 2013-Obama #> 2017-Trump 55.21775as.matrix(d1)#> 1993-Clinton 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush 2005-Bush 2009-Obama #> 1993-Clinton 0.00000 58.90671 52.82045 62.79331 51.66237 #> 1997-Clinton 58.90671 0.00000 63.63961 73.38256 59.95832 #> 2001-Bush 52.82045 63.63961 0.00000 54.32311 50.70503 #> 2005-Bush 62.79331 73.38256 54.32311 0.00000 62.33779 #> 2009-Obama 51.66237 59.95832 50.70503 62.33779 0.00000 #> 2013-Obama 51.30302 60.81118 49.03060 57.90509 48.48711 #> 2017-Trump 52.14403 65.85590 48.79549 58.00000 55.65968 #> 2013-Obama 2017-Trump #> 1993-Clinton 51.30302 52.14403 #> 1997-Clinton 60.81118 65.85590 #> 2001-Bush 49.03060 48.79549 #> 2005-Bush 57.90509 58.00000 #> 2009-Obama 48.48711 55.65968 #> 2013-Obama 0.00000 55.21775 #> 2017-Trump 55.21775 0.00000# distances for specific documents textstat_dist(presDfm, "2017-Trump", margin = "documents")#> 2017-Trump #> 1993-Clinton 52.14403 #> 1997-Clinton 65.85590 #> 2001-Bush 48.79549 #> 2005-Bush 58.00000 #> 2009-Obama 55.65968 #> 2013-Obama 55.21775 #> 2017-Trump 0.00000textstat_dist(presDfm, "2005-Bush", margin = "documents", method = "jaccard")#> 2005-Bush #> 1993-Clinton 0.2216867 #> 1997-Clinton 0.2392503 #> 2001-Bush 0.2591195 #> 2005-Bush 1.0000000 #> 2009-Obama 0.2502483 #> 2013-Obama 0.2505353 #> 2017-Trump 0.1852761(d2 <- textstat_dist(presDfm, c("2009-Obama" , "2013-Obama"), margin = "documents"))#> 2009-Obama 2013-Obama #> 1993-Clinton 51.66237 51.30302 #> 1997-Clinton 59.95832 60.81118 #> 2001-Bush 50.70503 49.03060 #> 2005-Bush 62.33779 57.90509 #> 2009-Obama 0.00000 48.48711 #> 2013-Obama 48.48711 0.00000 #> 2017-Trump 55.65968 55.21775as.list(d1)#> $`1993-Clinton` #> 2005-Bush 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush 2017-Trump 2009-Obama 2013-Obama #> 62.79331 58.90671 52.82045 52.14403 51.66237 51.30302 #> #> $`1997-Clinton` #> 2005-Bush 2017-Trump 2001-Bush 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1993-Clinton #> 73.38256 65.85590 63.63961 60.81118 59.95832 58.90671 #> #> $`2001-Bush` #> 1997-Clinton 2005-Bush 1993-Clinton 2009-Obama 2013-Obama 2017-Trump #> 63.63961 54.32311 52.82045 50.70503 49.03060 48.79549 #> #> $`2005-Bush` #> 1997-Clinton 1993-Clinton 2009-Obama 2017-Trump 2013-Obama 2001-Bush #> 73.38256 62.79331 62.33779 58.00000 57.90509 54.32311 #> #> $`2009-Obama` #> 2005-Bush 1997-Clinton 2017-Trump 1993-Clinton 2001-Bush 2013-Obama #> 62.33779 59.95832 55.65968 51.66237 50.70503 48.48711 #> #> $`2013-Obama` #> 1997-Clinton 2005-Bush 2017-Trump 1993-Clinton 2001-Bush 2009-Obama #> 60.81118 57.90509 55.21775 51.30302 49.03060 48.48711 #> #> $`2017-Trump` #> 1997-Clinton 2005-Bush 2009-Obama 2013-Obama 1993-Clinton 2001-Bush #> 65.85590 58.00000 55.65968 55.21775 52.14403 48.79549 #># similarities for documents pres_dfm <- dfm(data_corpus_inaugural, remove_punct = TRUE, remove = stopwords("english")) (s1 <- textstat_simil(pres_dfm, method = "cosine", margin = "documents"))#> 1789-Washington 1793-Washington 1797-Adams 1801-Jefferson #> 1793-Washington 0.24034815 #> 1797-Adams 0.47274042 0.24450220 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.39653869 0.23362585 0.43305637 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.40780660 0.22468244 0.41477024 0.46988145 #> 1809-Madison 0.34659106 0.11292426 0.41577759 0.33904612 #> 1813-Madison 0.29893485 0.16891685 0.33028361 0.25749365 #> 1817-Monroe 0.48460136 0.19685585 0.55308815 0.42841599 #> 1821-Monroe 0.43237712 0.21146735 0.47890380 0.38200653 #> 1825-Adams 0.40544547 0.19837997 0.51317148 0.44187907 #> 1829-Jackson 0.41684048 0.25852339 0.46775875 0.37884333 #> 1833-Jackson 0.42171550 0.25473796 0.51534683 0.44049765 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.48877657 0.25768226 0.54937638 0.45126607 #> 1841-Harrison 0.49500295 0.26644514 0.59692165 0.47322207 #> 1845-Polk 0.47573822 0.24050134 0.53596569 0.46230558 #> 1849-Taylor 0.37374323 0.38060783 0.41849682 0.39086815 #> 1853-Pierce 0.44576853 0.24142425 0.48099464 0.44739068 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.44959994 0.31964858 0.57951112 0.42715013 #> 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1813-Madison 1817-Monroe #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison 0.40091515 #> 1813-Madison 0.28248568 0.31846640 #> 1817-Monroe 0.45709695 0.43593210 0.40316430 #> 1821-Monroe 0.45109268 0.37696663 0.42415816 0.67801222 #> 1825-Adams 0.42660132 0.41871708 0.30122658 0.54786706 #> 1829-Jackson 0.44696493 0.39164289 0.25237444 0.47743172 #> 1833-Jackson 0.38658632 0.33672521 0.27552508 0.55258510 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.43902928 0.40623899 0.35507243 0.57296343 #> 1841-Harrison 0.45119292 0.38460468 0.32849208 0.57326271 #> 1845-Polk 0.45919367 0.38387032 0.34331269 0.63516424 #> 1849-Taylor 0.37285490 0.29314467 0.23028676 0.45965746 #> 1853-Pierce 0.42235926 0.40743614 0.28241571 0.51583483 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.45326460 0.35344079 0.35301532 0.59609044 #> 1821-Monroe 1825-Adams 1829-Jackson 1833-Jackson 1837-VanBuren #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams 0.49041056 #> 1829-Jackson 0.41679468 0.42997604 #> 1833-Jackson 0.45924479 0.54102999 0.42916089 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.50018105 0.51265762 0.42755385 0.49319849 #> 1841-Harrison 0.54622812 0.55161851 0.47957287 0.54153318 0.61871386 #> 1845-Polk 0.54821092 0.61989088 0.48150594 0.64269156 0.55862939 #> 1849-Taylor 0.37009860 0.43256834 0.47474628 0.39750688 0.42296889 #> 1853-Pierce 0.45641937 0.53849869 0.43122525 0.49232115 0.57965778 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.55547012 0.49173291 0.45386583 0.52266377 0.52781993 #> 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1849-Taylor 1853-Pierce 1857-Buchanan #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk 0.64839716 #> 1849-Taylor 0.46264577 0.46399946 #> 1853-Pierce 0.59813215 0.55762715 0.43340403 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.61949895 0.63967027 0.49483171 0.51465786 #> 1861-Lincoln 1865-Lincoln 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1877-Hayes #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1881-Garfield 1885-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1893-Cleveland #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1897-McKinley 1901-McKinley 1905-Roosevelt 1909-Taft #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1913-Wilson 1917-Wilson 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge 1929-Hoover #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1933-Roosevelt 1937-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt 1945-Roosevelt #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1949-Truman 1953-Eisenhower 1957-Eisenhower 1961-Kennedy #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 1981-Reagan #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 1985-Reagan 1989-Bush 1993-Clinton 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> 2005-Bush 2009-Obama 2013-Obama #> 1793-Washington #> 1797-Adams #> 1801-Jefferson #> 1805-Jefferson #> 1809-Madison #> 1813-Madison #> 1817-Monroe #> 1821-Monroe #> 1825-Adams #> 1829-Jackson #> 1833-Jackson #> 1837-VanBuren #> 1841-Harrison #> 1845-Polk #> 1849-Taylor #> 1853-Pierce #> 1857-Buchanan #> [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 40 rows ]as.matrix(s1)#> 1789-Washington 1793-Washington 1797-Adams 1801-Jefferson #> 1789-Washington NA 0.24034815 0.4727404 0.3965387 #> 1793-Washington 0.2403482 NA 0.2445022 0.2336258 #> 1797-Adams 0.4727404 0.24450220 NA 0.4330564 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3965387 0.23362585 0.4330564 NA #> 1805-Jefferson 0.4078066 0.22468244 0.4147702 0.4698814 #> 1809-Madison 0.3465911 0.11292426 0.4157776 0.3390461 #> 1813-Madison 0.2989348 0.16891685 0.3302836 0.2574937 #> 1817-Monroe 0.4846014 0.19685585 0.5530882 0.4284160 #> 1821-Monroe 0.4323771 0.21146735 0.4789038 0.3820065 #> 1825-Adams 0.4054455 0.19837997 0.5131715 0.4418791 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4168405 0.25852339 0.4677588 0.3788433 #> 1833-Jackson 0.4217155 0.25473796 0.5153468 0.4404977 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.4887766 0.25768226 0.5493764 0.4512661 #> 1841-Harrison 0.4950030 0.26644514 0.5969216 0.4732221 #> 1845-Polk 0.4757382 0.24050134 0.5359657 0.4623056 #> 1849-Taylor 0.3737432 0.38060783 0.4184968 0.3908681 #> 1853-Pierce 0.4457685 0.24142425 0.4809946 0.4473907 #> 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1813-Madison 1817-Monroe #> 1789-Washington 0.4078066 0.3465911 0.2989348 0.4846014 #> 1793-Washington 0.2246824 0.1129243 0.1689168 0.1968558 #> 1797-Adams 0.4147702 0.4157776 0.3302836 0.5530882 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.4698814 0.3390461 0.2574937 0.4284160 #> 1805-Jefferson NA 0.4009151 0.2824857 0.4570969 #> 1809-Madison 0.4009151 NA 0.3184664 0.4359321 #> 1813-Madison 0.2824857 0.3184664 NA 0.4031643 #> 1817-Monroe 0.4570969 0.4359321 0.4031643 NA #> 1821-Monroe 0.4510927 0.3769666 0.4241582 0.6780122 #> 1825-Adams 0.4266013 0.4187171 0.3012266 0.5478671 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4469649 0.3916429 0.2523744 0.4774317 #> 1833-Jackson 0.3865863 0.3367252 0.2755251 0.5525851 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.4390293 0.4062390 0.3550724 0.5729634 #> 1841-Harrison 0.4511929 0.3846047 0.3284921 0.5732627 #> 1845-Polk 0.4591937 0.3838703 0.3433127 0.6351642 #> 1849-Taylor 0.3728549 0.2931447 0.2302868 0.4596575 #> 1853-Pierce 0.4223593 0.4074361 0.2824157 0.5158348 #> 1821-Monroe 1825-Adams 1829-Jackson 1833-Jackson 1837-VanBuren #> 1789-Washington 0.4323771 0.4054455 0.4168405 0.4217155 0.4887766 #> 1793-Washington 0.2114673 0.1983800 0.2585234 0.2547380 0.2576823 #> 1797-Adams 0.4789038 0.5131715 0.4677588 0.5153468 0.5493764 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3820065 0.4418791 0.3788433 0.4404977 0.4512661 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.4510927 0.4266013 0.4469649 0.3865863 0.4390293 #> 1809-Madison 0.3769666 0.4187171 0.3916429 0.3367252 0.4062390 #> 1813-Madison 0.4241582 0.3012266 0.2523744 0.2755251 0.3550724 #> 1817-Monroe 0.6780122 0.5478671 0.4774317 0.5525851 0.5729634 #> 1821-Monroe NA 0.4904106 0.4167947 0.4592448 0.5001810 #> 1825-Adams 0.4904106 NA 0.4299760 0.5410300 0.5126576 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4167947 0.4299760 NA 0.4291609 0.4275538 #> 1833-Jackson 0.4592448 0.5410300 0.4291609 NA 0.4931985 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.5001810 0.5126576 0.4275538 0.4931985 NA #> 1841-Harrison 0.5462281 0.5516185 0.4795729 0.5415332 0.6187139 #> 1845-Polk 0.5482109 0.6198909 0.4815059 0.6426916 0.5586294 #> 1849-Taylor 0.3700986 0.4325683 0.4747463 0.3975069 0.4229689 #> 1853-Pierce 0.4564194 0.5384987 0.4312252 0.4923211 0.5796578 #> 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1849-Taylor 1853-Pierce 1857-Buchanan #> 1789-Washington 0.4950030 0.4757382 0.3737432 0.4457685 0.4495999 #> 1793-Washington 0.2664451 0.2405013 0.3806078 0.2414243 0.3196486 #> 1797-Adams 0.5969216 0.5359657 0.4184968 0.4809946 0.5795111 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.4732221 0.4623056 0.3908681 0.4473907 0.4271501 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.4511929 0.4591937 0.3728549 0.4223593 0.4532646 #> 1809-Madison 0.3846047 0.3838703 0.2931447 0.4074361 0.3534408 #> 1813-Madison 0.3284921 0.3433127 0.2302868 0.2824157 0.3530153 #> 1817-Monroe 0.5732627 0.6351642 0.4596575 0.5158348 0.5960904 #> 1821-Monroe 0.5462281 0.5482109 0.3700986 0.4564194 0.5554701 #> 1825-Adams 0.5516185 0.6198909 0.4325683 0.5384987 0.4917329 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4795729 0.4815059 0.4747463 0.4312252 0.4538658 #> 1833-Jackson 0.5415332 0.6426916 0.3975069 0.4923211 0.5226638 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.6187139 0.5586294 0.4229689 0.5796578 0.5278199 #> 1841-Harrison NA 0.6483972 0.4626458 0.5981321 0.6194990 #> 1845-Polk 0.6483972 NA 0.4639995 0.5576272 0.6396703 #> 1849-Taylor 0.4626458 0.4639995 NA 0.4334040 0.4948317 #> 1853-Pierce 0.5981321 0.5576272 0.4334040 NA 0.5146579 #> 1861-Lincoln 1865-Lincoln 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1877-Hayes #> 1789-Washington 0.4390104 0.2025278 0.3696706 0.3524557 0.4462200 #> 1793-Washington 0.3345452 0.1514973 0.2480586 0.2031950 0.2693419 #> 1797-Adams 0.5052006 0.1983089 0.4068049 0.4208325 0.5190976 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.4043596 0.2586492 0.3562158 0.3507179 0.4149280 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3898931 0.2678333 0.3750637 0.3129751 0.4226873 #> 1809-Madison 0.3086737 0.1575984 0.3372091 0.3130805 0.3805804 #> 1813-Madison 0.2600458 0.3386436 0.2998153 0.2775690 0.3142280 #> 1817-Monroe 0.4889075 0.2938100 0.4284747 0.4320012 0.5478872 #> 1821-Monroe 0.4375524 0.3106593 0.3790175 0.4344653 0.4915917 #> 1825-Adams 0.4832790 0.2665008 0.3914602 0.4113819 0.5639725 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4088823 0.2142879 0.3348799 0.3161537 0.4271811 #> 1833-Jackson 0.5055376 0.2165168 0.3494556 0.3742959 0.4962019 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.4889544 0.2500113 0.4273528 0.4350170 0.5428807 #> 1841-Harrison 0.6160518 0.2252025 0.4143601 0.4784356 0.5657618 #> 1845-Polk 0.6120211 0.2528153 0.4248001 0.3986676 0.5666338 #> 1849-Taylor 0.4291235 0.2479829 0.3632308 0.3560504 0.4471668 #> 1853-Pierce 0.5373457 0.2589203 0.4178943 0.4569637 0.5391533 #> 1881-Garfield 1885-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1893-Cleveland #> 1789-Washington 0.4164610 0.4313620 0.3971131 0.4354953 #> 1793-Washington 0.2690956 0.3236520 0.2902385 0.2289520 #> 1797-Adams 0.5639119 0.5350306 0.5519249 0.4804623 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.4198924 0.4357210 0.3826020 0.4018160 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3747465 0.4177469 0.4300174 0.3554303 #> 1809-Madison 0.3430237 0.3039879 0.3627096 0.2935477 #> 1813-Madison 0.3094660 0.2621456 0.2982264 0.2689661 #> 1817-Monroe 0.5514997 0.5063416 0.5337781 0.4817436 #> 1821-Monroe 0.5053562 0.3869920 0.4807164 0.3702455 #> 1825-Adams 0.5397509 0.4836913 0.4752377 0.3999217 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4155535 0.4759167 0.4465486 0.4501589 #> 1833-Jackson 0.5367686 0.4931490 0.4811084 0.4655200 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.5154719 0.5138522 0.5115589 0.5339985 #> 1841-Harrison 0.6137943 0.5354903 0.5842358 0.5172825 #> 1845-Polk 0.6078118 0.5465415 0.5389545 0.4832683 #> 1849-Taylor 0.4236965 0.4873232 0.4831967 0.3775184 #> 1853-Pierce 0.5516379 0.4844039 0.5378343 0.4796501 #> 1897-McKinley 1901-McKinley 1905-Roosevelt 1909-Taft #> 1789-Washington 0.4619723 0.3729026 0.23699949 0.3987867 #> 1793-Washington 0.2956474 0.2597632 0.09349731 0.2256397 #> 1797-Adams 0.5502254 0.4914204 0.32974156 0.4332924 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3866672 0.3774343 0.32364007 0.3706912 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3874217 0.3549842 0.29027487 0.3584920 #> 1809-Madison 0.3538514 0.3400705 0.22974459 0.2937813 #> 1813-Madison 0.3219408 0.3771536 0.18787127 0.2749420 #> 1817-Monroe 0.5565795 0.5181861 0.34332757 0.4617145 #> 1821-Monroe 0.5222933 0.4831070 0.31845504 0.4551790 #> 1825-Adams 0.4918218 0.4664547 0.26611097 0.3999511 #> 1829-Jackson 0.4577536 0.3921074 0.22490412 0.3836330 #> 1833-Jackson 0.5210049 0.4887053 0.26724883 0.3993345 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.5677958 0.4718514 0.39183070 0.4544400 #> 1841-Harrison 0.6148581 0.5114825 0.33397117 0.5055698 #> 1845-Polk 0.5884008 0.5101124 0.25931930 0.5053410 #> 1849-Taylor 0.4641136 0.4443256 0.23256695 0.3980936 #> 1853-Pierce 0.5763556 0.4611148 0.36853941 0.4820099 #> 1913-Wilson 1917-Wilson 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge 1929-Hoover #> 1789-Washington 0.3276281 0.2744406 0.3334401 0.4216351 0.3744054 #> 1793-Washington 0.1496481 0.2088297 0.1732867 0.1678575 0.1914917 #> 1797-Adams 0.3569275 0.3540174 0.3878982 0.5136704 0.5070120 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3219044 0.3368613 0.3601224 0.4245293 0.3866673 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.2634138 0.3365639 0.3194110 0.3903435 0.3588989 #> 1809-Madison 0.2182033 0.2999792 0.2810508 0.3822368 0.3346206 #> 1813-Madison 0.2075463 0.2447271 0.3094559 0.3047923 0.2827083 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3786985 0.3649074 0.3574769 0.5007858 0.4193874 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3688911 0.3577942 0.3391579 0.4539886 0.3885872 #> 1825-Adams 0.3450651 0.3716468 0.3312504 0.4717333 0.4516753 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2360722 0.2828444 0.2833742 0.3638898 0.3782512 #> 1833-Jackson 0.2789116 0.3394590 0.3537451 0.4289094 0.4338198 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3730571 0.4099271 0.3838768 0.5099124 0.4602279 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3793866 0.4038270 0.3517532 0.5220654 0.4704197 #> 1845-Polk 0.3299392 0.3418552 0.3557354 0.4761057 0.4897848 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2808660 0.3063618 0.2935900 0.3425089 0.3204244 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3992348 0.4693650 0.4284626 0.5303339 0.4862787 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1937-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt 1945-Roosevelt #> 1789-Washington 0.3868001 0.3639490 0.2427562 0.1865474 #> 1793-Washington 0.1898302 0.1913787 0.1116450 0.2290539 #> 1797-Adams 0.3916554 0.4620706 0.3868246 0.2173591 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3308561 0.3672647 0.2899746 0.2649384 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3523923 0.2923555 0.2437118 0.2451702 #> 1809-Madison 0.2728620 0.2518650 0.2194135 0.1749617 #> 1813-Madison 0.2502784 0.2754830 0.2361440 0.1403217 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3951706 0.4198882 0.3075137 0.2162318 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3642001 0.3739482 0.2819306 0.2058262 #> 1825-Adams 0.3399631 0.3904159 0.2899042 0.2159631 #> 1829-Jackson 0.3595049 0.3267945 0.1977163 0.2175763 #> 1833-Jackson 0.3382224 0.4142112 0.2764320 0.1942862 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.4146225 0.4388703 0.3373180 0.2280308 #> 1841-Harrison 0.4198525 0.4628687 0.3253140 0.2210487 #> 1845-Polk 0.3602193 0.4489866 0.2744638 0.2117474 #> 1849-Taylor 0.3274632 0.3050574 0.1974117 0.2605577 #> 1853-Pierce 0.4399644 0.4281299 0.3306715 0.2466193 #> 1949-Truman 1953-Eisenhower 1957-Eisenhower 1961-Kennedy #> 1789-Washington 0.2754582 0.2849542 0.2658538 0.2776496 #> 1793-Washington 0.1203414 0.1707291 0.1489479 0.1488205 #> 1797-Adams 0.3875288 0.3675941 0.4166209 0.2721932 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3046831 0.3994105 0.3413371 0.4112791 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3022519 0.3161758 0.3186442 0.3250344 #> 1809-Madison 0.3566084 0.2911477 0.3125900 0.2623687 #> 1813-Madison 0.2204151 0.2340376 0.2011438 0.2432353 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3360004 0.3405189 0.3068010 0.2905854 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3001338 0.3026077 0.3174528 0.2764333 #> 1825-Adams 0.3025921 0.3273170 0.3143919 0.2411087 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2542158 0.2832473 0.2546078 0.2549265 #> 1833-Jackson 0.3107441 0.2935102 0.2920183 0.2642527 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3477542 0.3801474 0.3648752 0.3153838 #> 1841-Harrison 0.2994897 0.3621996 0.3618367 0.2949488 #> 1845-Polk 0.3236521 0.3438238 0.2963222 0.2586039 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2146147 0.2831229 0.2173703 0.2552466 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3576912 0.4293287 0.3902983 0.3448044 #> 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 1981-Reagan #> 1789-Washington 0.2699161 0.2565433 0.2659431 0.3074803 0.3184932 #> 1793-Washington 0.1158932 0.1547878 0.1254362 0.1215946 0.1807804 #> 1797-Adams 0.3028871 0.3354615 0.3162196 0.3575112 0.3604570 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3444805 0.3834961 0.4039554 0.3166596 0.4468190 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3146861 0.2873633 0.2880267 0.2877337 0.3222777 #> 1809-Madison 0.2411914 0.2388838 0.2395726 0.2718734 0.2307725 #> 1813-Madison 0.2144883 0.2056461 0.1867194 0.2370958 0.2228786 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3313331 0.3141080 0.3576379 0.3350757 0.4141263 #> 1821-Monroe 0.2991746 0.2778631 0.2979595 0.2754179 0.3241167 #> 1825-Adams 0.3266815 0.2728116 0.2875377 0.2844175 0.3473596 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2013386 0.2382507 0.2337291 0.2559296 0.2897942 #> 1833-Jackson 0.3220625 0.3156987 0.2987847 0.2968750 0.3983167 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3372832 0.3433487 0.3409275 0.3503372 0.4235442 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3249027 0.3084443 0.2724012 0.3408687 0.3970450 #> 1845-Polk 0.2915006 0.2864377 0.2920521 0.3108614 0.3945872 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2130845 0.2431879 0.2648700 0.2258813 0.2946135 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3645780 0.3508435 0.3663727 0.4082791 0.4275741 #> 1985-Reagan 1989-Bush 1993-Clinton 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush #> 1789-Washington 0.3099476 0.3009686 0.2426902 0.3008832 0.3339442 #> 1793-Washington 0.1566667 0.1032331 0.1475957 0.1226513 0.1338624 #> 1797-Adams 0.3518366 0.3371522 0.2906913 0.3202352 0.3308235 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.4299841 0.3548621 0.3009083 0.3815699 0.3473577 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3109222 0.2996327 0.2532498 0.2971559 0.3405913 #> 1809-Madison 0.2393994 0.2194006 0.1771194 0.2004997 0.2639921 #> 1813-Madison 0.2176824 0.1994560 0.1823018 0.2021484 0.2567662 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3972248 0.3469659 0.2776478 0.3424725 0.3474119 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3464932 0.3349200 0.2480370 0.3128877 0.3049073 #> 1825-Adams 0.3627623 0.2786179 0.2098636 0.2970230 0.2992344 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2696598 0.2313818 0.2081766 0.2253343 0.2615693 #> 1833-Jackson 0.3946123 0.2714333 0.2880758 0.3080866 0.2857197 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.4229021 0.3265105 0.3074947 0.3960073 0.3844228 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3861138 0.3502181 0.2642458 0.3349729 0.3547999 #> 1845-Polk 0.3909127 0.2995063 0.2483582 0.3209260 0.2908441 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2604236 0.2186598 0.1979385 0.2329438 0.2545149 #> 1853-Pierce 0.4039254 0.3666865 0.3046861 0.3691096 0.3689380 #> 2005-Bush 2009-Obama 2013-Obama 2017-Trump #> 1789-Washington 0.3207017 0.3194943 0.3266718 0.2920311 #> 1793-Washington 0.1479523 0.1385268 0.1693882 0.1945727 #> 1797-Adams 0.3542807 0.3407316 0.3548880 0.3526032 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3382253 0.3880120 0.3814785 0.2495679 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.3106385 0.3191722 0.3417981 0.2022343 #> 1809-Madison 0.2946444 0.2727024 0.2582284 0.1989042 #> 1813-Madison 0.2529588 0.2634836 0.2474360 0.2220188 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3088534 0.3647328 0.3880594 0.3123459 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3142614 0.3101363 0.3426786 0.3065480 #> 1825-Adams 0.3151142 0.2885442 0.3193539 0.2546325 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2468658 0.2628820 0.2716377 0.1906166 #> 1833-Jackson 0.2777048 0.2959844 0.3485030 0.2658828 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3586770 0.4129316 0.4367400 0.3528903 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3769007 0.3413496 0.3863257 0.3327232 #> 1845-Polk 0.3201896 0.2913341 0.3386331 0.3010016 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2048017 0.2745784 0.2454837 0.2293634 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3503059 0.4139509 0.4101503 0.3006301 #> [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 41 rows ]as.list(s1)#> $`1789-Washington` #> 1841-Harrison 1837-VanBuren 1817-Monroe 1845-Polk 1797-Adams #> 0.4950030 0.4887766 0.4846014 0.4757382 0.4727404 #> 1897-McKinley 1857-Buchanan 1877-Hayes 1853-Pierce 1861-Lincoln #> 0.4619723 0.4495999 0.4462200 0.4457685 0.4390104 #> 1893-Cleveland 1821-Monroe 1885-Cleveland 1833-Jackson 1925-Coolidge #> 0.4354953 0.4323771 0.4313620 0.4217155 0.4216351 #> 1829-Jackson 1881-Garfield 1805-Jefferson 1825-Adams 1909-Taft #> 0.4168405 0.4164610 0.4078066 0.4054455 0.3987867 #> 1889-Harrison 1801-Jefferson 1933-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1849-Taylor #> 0.3971131 0.3965387 0.3868001 0.3744054 0.3737432 #> 1901-McKinley 1869-Grant 1937-Roosevelt 1873-Grant 1809-Madison #> 0.3729026 0.3696706 0.3639490 0.3524557 0.3465911 #> 2001-Bush 1921-Harding 1913-Wilson 2013-Obama 2005-Bush #> 0.3339442 0.3334401 0.3276281 0.3266718 0.3207017 #> 2009-Obama 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan 1977-Carter 1989-Bush #> 0.3194943 0.3184932 0.3099476 0.3074803 0.3009686 #> 1997-Clinton 1813-Madison 2017-Trump 1953-Eisenhower 1961-Kennedy #> 0.3008832 0.2989348 0.2920311 0.2849542 0.2776496 #> 1949-Truman 1917-Wilson 1965-Johnson 1973-Nixon 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.2754582 0.2744406 0.2699161 0.2659431 0.2658538 #> 1969-Nixon 1941-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 1793-Washington 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.2565433 0.2427562 0.2426902 0.2403482 0.2369995 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2025278 0.1865474 #> #> $`1793-Washington` #> 1849-Taylor 1861-Lincoln 1885-Cleveland 1857-Buchanan 1897-McKinley #> 0.38060783 0.33454524 0.32365196 0.31964858 0.29564744 #> 1889-Harrison 1877-Hayes 1881-Garfield 1841-Harrison 1901-McKinley #> 0.29023848 0.26934189 0.26909563 0.26644514 0.25976322 #> 1829-Jackson 1837-VanBuren 1833-Jackson 1869-Grant 1797-Adams #> 0.25852339 0.25768226 0.25473796 0.24805857 0.24450220 #> 1853-Pierce 1845-Polk 1789-Washington 1801-Jefferson 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.24142425 0.24050134 0.24034815 0.23362585 0.22905385 #> 1893-Cleveland 1909-Taft 1805-Jefferson 1821-Monroe 1917-Wilson #> 0.22895195 0.22563965 0.22468244 0.21146735 0.20882968 #> 1873-Grant 1825-Adams 1817-Monroe 2017-Trump 1929-Hoover #> 0.20319496 0.19837997 0.19685585 0.19457268 0.19149175 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1981-Reagan 1921-Harding 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.19137869 0.18983023 0.18078041 0.17328670 0.17072907 #> 2013-Obama 1813-Madison 1925-Coolidge 1985-Reagan 1969-Nixon #> 0.16938815 0.16891685 0.16785751 0.15666667 0.15478782 #> 1865-Lincoln 1913-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 1961-Kennedy 2005-Bush #> 0.15149733 0.14964806 0.14894786 0.14882051 0.14795231 #> 1993-Clinton 2009-Obama 2001-Bush 1973-Nixon 1997-Clinton #> 0.14759571 0.13852677 0.13386242 0.12543622 0.12265128 #> 1977-Carter 1949-Truman 1965-Johnson 1809-Madison 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.12159459 0.12034135 0.11589319 0.11292426 0.11164501 #> 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.10323314 0.09349731 #> #> $`1797-Adams` #> 1841-Harrison 1857-Buchanan 1881-Garfield 1817-Monroe 1889-Harrison #> 0.5969216 0.5795111 0.5639119 0.5530882 0.5519249 #> 1897-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 1845-Polk 1885-Cleveland 1877-Hayes #> 0.5502254 0.5493764 0.5359657 0.5350306 0.5190976 #> 1833-Jackson 1925-Coolidge 1825-Adams 1929-Hoover 1861-Lincoln #> 0.5153468 0.5136704 0.5131715 0.5070120 0.5052006 #> 1901-McKinley 1853-Pierce 1893-Cleveland 1821-Monroe 1789-Washington #> 0.4914204 0.4809946 0.4804623 0.4789038 0.4727404 #> 1829-Jackson 1937-Roosevelt 1909-Taft 1801-Jefferson 1873-Grant #> 0.4677588 0.4620706 0.4332924 0.4330564 0.4208325 #> 1849-Taylor 1957-Eisenhower 1809-Madison 1805-Jefferson 1869-Grant #> 0.4184968 0.4166209 0.4157776 0.4147702 0.4068049 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1921-Harding 1949-Truman 1941-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3916554 0.3878982 0.3875288 0.3868246 0.3675941 #> 1981-Reagan 1977-Carter 1913-Wilson 2013-Obama 2005-Bush #> 0.3604570 0.3575112 0.3569275 0.3548880 0.3542807 #> 1917-Wilson 2017-Trump 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 1989-Bush #> 0.3540174 0.3526032 0.3518366 0.3407316 0.3371522 #> 1969-Nixon 2001-Bush 1813-Madison 1905-Roosevelt 1997-Clinton #> 0.3354615 0.3308235 0.3302836 0.3297416 0.3202352 #> 1973-Nixon 1965-Johnson 1993-Clinton 1961-Kennedy 1793-Washington #> 0.3162196 0.3028871 0.2906913 0.2721932 0.2445022 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2173591 0.1983089 #> #> $`1801-Jefferson` #> 1841-Harrison 1805-Jefferson 1845-Polk 1837-VanBuren 1853-Pierce #> 0.4732221 0.4698814 0.4623056 0.4512661 0.4473907 #> 1981-Reagan 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson 1885-Cleveland 1797-Adams #> 0.4468190 0.4418791 0.4404977 0.4357210 0.4330564 #> 1985-Reagan 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1925-Coolidge 1881-Garfield #> 0.4299841 0.4284160 0.4271501 0.4245293 0.4198924 #> 1877-Hayes 1961-Kennedy 1861-Lincoln 1973-Nixon 1893-Cleveland #> 0.4149280 0.4112791 0.4043596 0.4039554 0.4018160 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 2009-Obama 1929-Hoover #> 0.3994105 0.3965387 0.3908681 0.3880120 0.3866673 #> 1897-McKinley 1969-Nixon 1889-Harrison 1821-Monroe 1997-Clinton #> 0.3866672 0.3834961 0.3826020 0.3820065 0.3815699 #> 2013-Obama 1829-Jackson 1901-McKinley 1909-Taft 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.3814785 0.3788433 0.3774343 0.3706912 0.3672647 #> 1921-Harding 1869-Grant 1989-Bush 1873-Grant 2001-Bush #> 0.3601224 0.3562158 0.3548621 0.3507179 0.3473577 #> 1965-Johnson 1957-Eisenhower 1809-Madison 2005-Bush 1917-Wilson #> 0.3444805 0.3413371 0.3390461 0.3382253 0.3368613 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 1913-Wilson 1977-Carter 1949-Truman #> 0.3308561 0.3236401 0.3219044 0.3166596 0.3046831 #> 1993-Clinton 1941-Roosevelt 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln 1813-Madison #> 0.3009083 0.2899746 0.2649384 0.2586492 0.2574937 #> 2017-Trump 1793-Washington #> 0.2495679 0.2336258 #> #> $`1805-Jefferson` #> 1801-Jefferson 1845-Polk 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1841-Harrison #> 0.4698814 0.4591937 0.4570969 0.4532646 0.4511929 #> 1821-Monroe 1829-Jackson 1837-VanBuren 1889-Harrison 1825-Adams #> 0.4510927 0.4469649 0.4390293 0.4300174 0.4266013 #> 1877-Hayes 1853-Pierce 1885-Cleveland 1797-Adams 1789-Washington #> 0.4226873 0.4223593 0.4177469 0.4147702 0.4078066 #> 1809-Madison 1925-Coolidge 1861-Lincoln 1897-McKinley 1833-Jackson #> 0.4009151 0.3903435 0.3898931 0.3874217 0.3865863 #> 1869-Grant 1881-Garfield 1849-Taylor 1929-Hoover 1909-Taft #> 0.3750637 0.3747465 0.3728549 0.3588989 0.3584920 #> 1893-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1933-Roosevelt 2013-Obama 2001-Bush #> 0.3554303 0.3549842 0.3523923 0.3417981 0.3405913 #> 1917-Wilson 1961-Kennedy 1981-Reagan 1921-Harding 2009-Obama #> 0.3365639 0.3250344 0.3222777 0.3194110 0.3191722 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1953-Eisenhower 1965-Johnson 1873-Grant 1985-Reagan #> 0.3186442 0.3161758 0.3146861 0.3129751 0.3109222 #> 2005-Bush 1949-Truman 1989-Bush 1997-Clinton 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.3106385 0.3022519 0.2996327 0.2971559 0.2923555 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 1969-Nixon 1813-Madison #> 0.2902749 0.2880267 0.2877337 0.2873633 0.2824857 #> 1865-Lincoln 1913-Wilson 1993-Clinton 1945-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.2678333 0.2634138 0.2532498 0.2451702 0.2437118 #> 1793-Washington 2017-Trump #> 0.2246824 0.2022343 #> #> $`1809-Madison` #> 1817-Monroe 1825-Adams 1797-Adams 1853-Pierce 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4359321 0.4187171 0.4157776 0.4074361 0.4062390 #> 1805-Jefferson 1829-Jackson 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1925-Coolidge #> 0.4009151 0.3916429 0.3846047 0.3838703 0.3822368 #> 1877-Hayes 1821-Monroe 1889-Harrison 1949-Truman 1897-McKinley #> 0.3805804 0.3769666 0.3627096 0.3566084 0.3538514 #> 1857-Buchanan 1789-Washington 1881-Garfield 1901-McKinley 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3534408 0.3465911 0.3430237 0.3400705 0.3390461 #> 1869-Grant 1833-Jackson 1929-Hoover 1813-Madison 1873-Grant #> 0.3372091 0.3367252 0.3346206 0.3184664 0.3130805 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1861-Lincoln 1885-Cleveland 1917-Wilson 2005-Bush #> 0.3125900 0.3086737 0.3039879 0.2999792 0.2946444 #> 1909-Taft 1893-Cleveland 1849-Taylor 1953-Eisenhower 1921-Harding #> 0.2937813 0.2935477 0.2931447 0.2911477 0.2810508 #> 1933-Roosevelt 2009-Obama 1977-Carter 2001-Bush 1961-Kennedy #> 0.2728620 0.2727024 0.2718734 0.2639921 0.2623687 #> 2013-Obama 1937-Roosevelt 1965-Johnson 1973-Nixon 1985-Reagan #> 0.2582284 0.2518650 0.2411914 0.2395726 0.2393994 #> 1969-Nixon 1981-Reagan 1905-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt 1989-Bush #> 0.2388838 0.2307725 0.2297446 0.2194135 0.2194006 #> 1913-Wilson 1997-Clinton 2017-Trump 1993-Clinton 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2182033 0.2004997 0.1989042 0.1771194 0.1749617 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.1575984 0.1129243 #> #> $`1813-Madison` #> 1821-Monroe 1817-Monroe 1901-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 1857-Buchanan #> 0.4241582 0.4031643 0.3771536 0.3550724 0.3530153 #> 1845-Polk 1865-Lincoln 1797-Adams 1841-Harrison 1897-McKinley #> 0.3433127 0.3386436 0.3302836 0.3284921 0.3219408 #> 1809-Madison 1877-Hayes 1881-Garfield 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge #> 0.3184664 0.3142280 0.3094660 0.3094559 0.3047923 #> 1825-Adams 1869-Grant 1789-Washington 1889-Harrison 1929-Hoover #> 0.3012266 0.2998153 0.2989348 0.2982264 0.2827083 #> 1805-Jefferson 1853-Pierce 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.2824857 0.2824157 0.2775690 0.2755251 0.2754830 #> 1909-Taft 1893-Cleveland 2009-Obama 1885-Cleveland 1861-Lincoln #> 0.2749420 0.2689661 0.2634836 0.2621456 0.2600458 #> 1801-Jefferson 2001-Bush 2005-Bush 1829-Jackson 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.2574937 0.2567662 0.2529588 0.2523744 0.2502784 #> 2013-Obama 1917-Wilson 1961-Kennedy 1977-Carter 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.2474360 0.2447271 0.2432353 0.2370958 0.2361440 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1849-Taylor 1981-Reagan 2017-Trump 1949-Truman #> 0.2340376 0.2302868 0.2228786 0.2220188 0.2204151 #> 1985-Reagan 1965-Johnson 1913-Wilson 1969-Nixon 1997-Clinton #> 0.2176824 0.2144883 0.2075463 0.2056461 0.2021484 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1973-Nixon 1993-Clinton #> 0.2011438 0.1994560 0.1878713 0.1867194 0.1823018 #> 1793-Washington 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.1689168 0.1403217 #> #> $`1817-Monroe` #> 1821-Monroe 1845-Polk 1857-Buchanan 1841-Harrison 1837-VanBuren #> 0.6780122 0.6351642 0.5960904 0.5732627 0.5729634 #> 1897-McKinley 1797-Adams 1833-Jackson 1881-Garfield 1877-Hayes #> 0.5565795 0.5530882 0.5525851 0.5514997 0.5478872 #> 1825-Adams 1889-Harrison 1901-McKinley 1853-Pierce 1885-Cleveland #> 0.5478671 0.5337781 0.5181861 0.5158348 0.5063416 #> 1925-Coolidge 1861-Lincoln 1789-Washington 1893-Cleveland 1829-Jackson #> 0.5007858 0.4889075 0.4846014 0.4817436 0.4774317 #> 1909-Taft 1849-Taylor 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1873-Grant #> 0.4617145 0.4596575 0.4570969 0.4359321 0.4320012 #> 1869-Grant 1801-Jefferson 1937-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1981-Reagan #> 0.4284747 0.4284160 0.4198882 0.4193874 0.4141263 #> 1813-Madison 1985-Reagan 1933-Roosevelt 2013-Obama 1913-Wilson #> 0.4031643 0.3972248 0.3951706 0.3880594 0.3786985 #> 1917-Wilson 2009-Obama 1973-Nixon 1921-Harding 2001-Bush #> 0.3649074 0.3647328 0.3576379 0.3574769 0.3474119 #> 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1997-Clinton 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman #> 0.3469659 0.3433276 0.3424725 0.3405189 0.3360004 #> 1977-Carter 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 2017-Trump 2005-Bush #> 0.3350757 0.3313331 0.3141080 0.3123459 0.3088534 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower 1865-Lincoln 1961-Kennedy 1993-Clinton #> 0.3075137 0.3068010 0.2938100 0.2905854 0.2776478 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1793-Washington #> 0.2162318 0.1968558 #> #> $`1821-Monroe` #> 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison 1897-McKinley #> 0.6780122 0.5554701 0.5482109 0.5462281 0.5222933 #> 1881-Garfield 1837-VanBuren 1877-Hayes 1825-Adams 1901-McKinley #> 0.5053562 0.5001810 0.4915917 0.4904106 0.4831070 #> 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams 1833-Jackson 1853-Pierce 1909-Taft #> 0.4807164 0.4789038 0.4592448 0.4564194 0.4551790 #> 1925-Coolidge 1805-Jefferson 1861-Lincoln 1873-Grant 1789-Washington #> 0.4539886 0.4510927 0.4375524 0.4344653 0.4323771 #> 1813-Madison 1829-Jackson 1929-Hoover 1885-Cleveland 1801-Jefferson #> 0.4241582 0.4167947 0.3885872 0.3869920 0.3820065 #> 1869-Grant 1809-Madison 1937-Roosevelt 1893-Cleveland 1849-Taylor #> 0.3790175 0.3769666 0.3739482 0.3702455 0.3700986 #> 1913-Wilson 1933-Roosevelt 1917-Wilson 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama #> 0.3688911 0.3642001 0.3577942 0.3464932 0.3426786 #> 1921-Harding 1989-Bush 1981-Reagan 1905-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.3391579 0.3349200 0.3241167 0.3184550 0.3174528 #> 2005-Bush 1997-Clinton 1865-Lincoln 2009-Obama 2017-Trump #> 0.3142614 0.3128877 0.3106593 0.3101363 0.3065480 #> 2001-Bush 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1965-Johnson 1973-Nixon #> 0.3049073 0.3026077 0.3001338 0.2991746 0.2979595 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1969-Nixon 1961-Kennedy 1977-Carter 1993-Clinton #> 0.2819306 0.2778631 0.2764333 0.2754179 0.2480370 #> 1793-Washington 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2114673 0.2058262 #> #> $`1825-Adams` #> 1845-Polk 1877-Hayes 1841-Harrison 1817-Monroe 1833-Jackson #> 0.6198909 0.5639725 0.5516185 0.5478671 0.5410300 #> 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce 1797-Adams 1837-VanBuren 1897-McKinley #> 0.5397509 0.5384987 0.5131715 0.5126576 0.4918218 #> 1857-Buchanan 1821-Monroe 1885-Cleveland 1861-Lincoln 1889-Harrison #> 0.4917329 0.4904106 0.4836913 0.4832790 0.4752377 #> 1925-Coolidge 1901-McKinley 1929-Hoover 1801-Jefferson 1849-Taylor #> 0.4717333 0.4664547 0.4516753 0.4418791 0.4325683 #> 1829-Jackson 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1873-Grant 1789-Washington #> 0.4299760 0.4266013 0.4187171 0.4113819 0.4054455 #> 1909-Taft 1893-Cleveland 1869-Grant 1937-Roosevelt 1917-Wilson #> 0.3999511 0.3999217 0.3914602 0.3904159 0.3716468 #> 1985-Reagan 1981-Reagan 1913-Wilson 1933-Roosevelt 1921-Harding #> 0.3627623 0.3473596 0.3450651 0.3399631 0.3312504 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1965-Johnson 2013-Obama 2005-Bush 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.3273170 0.3266815 0.3193539 0.3151142 0.3143919 #> 1949-Truman 1813-Madison 2001-Bush 1997-Clinton 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3025921 0.3012266 0.2992344 0.2970230 0.2899042 #> 2009-Obama 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 1989-Bush 1969-Nixon #> 0.2885442 0.2875377 0.2844175 0.2786179 0.2728116 #> 1865-Lincoln 1905-Roosevelt 2017-Trump 1961-Kennedy 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2665008 0.2661110 0.2546325 0.2411087 0.2159631 #> 1993-Clinton 1793-Washington #> 0.2098636 0.1983800 #> #> $`1829-Jackson` #> 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison 1817-Monroe 1885-Cleveland 1849-Taylor #> 0.4815059 0.4795729 0.4774317 0.4759167 0.4747463 #> 1797-Adams 1897-McKinley 1857-Buchanan 1893-Cleveland 1805-Jefferson #> 0.4677588 0.4577536 0.4538658 0.4501589 0.4469649 #> 1889-Harrison 1853-Pierce 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4465486 0.4312252 0.4299760 0.4291609 0.4275538 #> 1877-Hayes 1789-Washington 1821-Monroe 1881-Garfield 1861-Lincoln #> 0.4271811 0.4168405 0.4167947 0.4155535 0.4088823 #> 1901-McKinley 1809-Madison 1909-Taft 1801-Jefferson 1929-Hoover #> 0.3921074 0.3916429 0.3836330 0.3788433 0.3782512 #> 1925-Coolidge 1933-Roosevelt 1869-Grant 1937-Roosevelt 1873-Grant #> 0.3638898 0.3595049 0.3348799 0.3267945 0.3161537 #> 1981-Reagan 1921-Harding 1953-Eisenhower 1917-Wilson 2013-Obama #> 0.2897942 0.2833742 0.2832473 0.2828444 0.2716377 #> 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 2001-Bush 1793-Washington 1977-Carter #> 0.2696598 0.2628820 0.2615693 0.2585234 0.2559296 #> 1961-Kennedy 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1813-Madison 2005-Bush #> 0.2549265 0.2546078 0.2542158 0.2523744 0.2468658 #> 1969-Nixon 1913-Wilson 1973-Nixon 1989-Bush 1997-Clinton #> 0.2382507 0.2360722 0.2337291 0.2313818 0.2253343 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln 1993-Clinton 1965-Johnson #> 0.2249041 0.2175763 0.2142879 0.2081766 0.2013386 #> 1941-Roosevelt 2017-Trump #> 0.1977163 0.1906166 #> #> $`1833-Jackson` #> 1845-Polk 1817-Monroe 1841-Harrison 1825-Adams 1881-Garfield #> 0.6426916 0.5525851 0.5415332 0.5410300 0.5367686 #> 1857-Buchanan 1897-McKinley 1797-Adams 1861-Lincoln 1877-Hayes #> 0.5226638 0.5210049 0.5153468 0.5055376 0.4962019 #> 1837-VanBuren 1885-Cleveland 1853-Pierce 1901-McKinley 1889-Harrison #> 0.4931985 0.4931490 0.4923211 0.4887053 0.4811084 #> 1893-Cleveland 1821-Monroe 1801-Jefferson 1929-Hoover 1829-Jackson #> 0.4655200 0.4592448 0.4404977 0.4338198 0.4291609 #> 1925-Coolidge 1789-Washington 1937-Roosevelt 1909-Taft 1981-Reagan #> 0.4289094 0.4217155 0.4142112 0.3993345 0.3983167 #> 1849-Taylor 1985-Reagan 1805-Jefferson 1873-Grant 1921-Harding #> 0.3975069 0.3946123 0.3865863 0.3742959 0.3537451 #> 1869-Grant 2013-Obama 1917-Wilson 1933-Roosevelt 1809-Madison #> 0.3494556 0.3485030 0.3394590 0.3382224 0.3367252 #> 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 1949-Truman 1997-Clinton 1973-Nixon #> 0.3220625 0.3156987 0.3107441 0.3080866 0.2987847 #> 1977-Carter 2009-Obama 1953-Eisenhower 1957-Eisenhower 1993-Clinton #> 0.2968750 0.2959844 0.2935102 0.2920183 0.2880758 #> 2001-Bush 1913-Wilson 2005-Bush 1941-Roosevelt 1813-Madison #> 0.2857197 0.2789116 0.2777048 0.2764320 0.2755251 #> 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 2017-Trump 1961-Kennedy 1793-Washington #> 0.2714333 0.2672488 0.2658828 0.2642527 0.2547380 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2165168 0.1942862 #> #> $`1837-VanBuren` #> 1841-Harrison 1853-Pierce 1817-Monroe 1897-McKinley 1845-Polk #> 0.6187139 0.5796578 0.5729634 0.5677958 0.5586294 #> 1797-Adams 1877-Hayes 1893-Cleveland 1857-Buchanan 1881-Garfield #> 0.5493764 0.5428807 0.5339985 0.5278199 0.5154719 #> 1885-Cleveland 1825-Adams 1889-Harrison 1925-Coolidge 1821-Monroe #> 0.5138522 0.5126576 0.5115589 0.5099124 0.5001810 #> 1833-Jackson 1861-Lincoln 1789-Washington 1901-McKinley 1929-Hoover #> 0.4931985 0.4889544 0.4887766 0.4718514 0.4602279 #> 1909-Taft 1801-Jefferson 1805-Jefferson 1937-Roosevelt 2013-Obama #> 0.4544400 0.4512661 0.4390293 0.4388703 0.4367400 #> 1873-Grant 1829-Jackson 1869-Grant 1981-Reagan 1849-Taylor #> 0.4350170 0.4275538 0.4273528 0.4235442 0.4229689 #> 1985-Reagan 1933-Roosevelt 2009-Obama 1917-Wilson 1809-Madison #> 0.4229021 0.4146225 0.4129316 0.4099271 0.4062390 #> 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt 2001-Bush 1921-Harding 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3960073 0.3918307 0.3844228 0.3838768 0.3801474 #> 1913-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 2005-Bush 1813-Madison 2017-Trump #> 0.3730571 0.3648752 0.3586770 0.3550724 0.3528903 #> 1977-Carter 1949-Truman 1969-Nixon 1973-Nixon 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3503372 0.3477542 0.3433487 0.3409275 0.3373180 #> 1965-Johnson 1989-Bush 1961-Kennedy 1993-Clinton 1793-Washington #> 0.3372832 0.3265105 0.3153838 0.3074947 0.2576823 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2500113 0.2280308 #> #> $`1841-Harrison` #> 1845-Polk 1857-Buchanan 1837-VanBuren 1861-Lincoln 1897-McKinley #> 0.6483972 0.6194990 0.6187139 0.6160518 0.6148581 #> 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce 1797-Adams 1889-Harrison 1817-Monroe #> 0.6137943 0.5981321 0.5969216 0.5842358 0.5732627 #> 1877-Hayes 1825-Adams 1821-Monroe 1833-Jackson 1885-Cleveland #> 0.5657618 0.5516185 0.5462281 0.5415332 0.5354903 #> 1925-Coolidge 1893-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1909-Taft 1789-Washington #> 0.5220654 0.5172825 0.5114825 0.5055698 0.4950030 #> 1829-Jackson 1873-Grant 1801-Jefferson 1929-Hoover 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4795729 0.4784356 0.4732221 0.4704197 0.4628687 #> 1849-Taylor 1805-Jefferson 1933-Roosevelt 1869-Grant 1917-Wilson #> 0.4626458 0.4511929 0.4198525 0.4143601 0.4038270 #> 1981-Reagan 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 1809-Madison 1913-Wilson #> 0.3970450 0.3863257 0.3861138 0.3846047 0.3793866 #> 2005-Bush 1953-Eisenhower 1957-Eisenhower 2001-Bush 1921-Harding #> 0.3769007 0.3621996 0.3618367 0.3547999 0.3517532 #> 1989-Bush 2009-Obama 1977-Carter 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.3502181 0.3413496 0.3408687 0.3349729 0.3339712 #> 2017-Trump 1813-Madison 1941-Roosevelt 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon #> 0.3327232 0.3284921 0.3253140 0.3249027 0.3084443 #> 1949-Truman 1961-Kennedy 1973-Nixon 1793-Washington 1993-Clinton #> 0.2994897 0.2949488 0.2724012 0.2664451 0.2642458 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2252025 0.2210487 #> #> $`1845-Polk` #> 1841-Harrison 1833-Jackson 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 1825-Adams #> 0.6483972 0.6426916 0.6396703 0.6351642 0.6198909 #> 1861-Lincoln 1881-Garfield 1897-McKinley 1877-Hayes 1837-VanBuren #> 0.6120211 0.6078118 0.5884008 0.5666338 0.5586294 #> 1853-Pierce 1821-Monroe 1885-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams #> 0.5576272 0.5482109 0.5465415 0.5389545 0.5359657 #> 1901-McKinley 1909-Taft 1929-Hoover 1893-Cleveland 1829-Jackson #> 0.5101124 0.5053410 0.4897848 0.4832683 0.4815059 #> 1925-Coolidge 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 1801-Jefferson 1805-Jefferson #> 0.4761057 0.4757382 0.4639995 0.4623056 0.4591937 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan #> 0.4489866 0.4248001 0.3986676 0.3945872 0.3909127 #> 1809-Madison 1933-Roosevelt 1921-Harding 1953-Eisenhower 1813-Madison #> 0.3838703 0.3602193 0.3557354 0.3438238 0.3433127 #> 1917-Wilson 2013-Obama 1913-Wilson 1949-Truman 1997-Clinton #> 0.3418552 0.3386331 0.3299392 0.3236521 0.3209260 #> 2005-Bush 1977-Carter 2017-Trump 1989-Bush 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.3201896 0.3108614 0.3010016 0.2995063 0.2963222 #> 1973-Nixon 1965-Johnson 2009-Obama 2001-Bush 1969-Nixon #> 0.2920521 0.2915006 0.2913341 0.2908441 0.2864377 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 1961-Kennedy 1865-Lincoln 1993-Clinton #> 0.2744638 0.2593193 0.2586039 0.2528153 0.2483582 #> 1793-Washington 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2405013 0.2117474 #> #> $`1849-Taylor` #> 1857-Buchanan 1885-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1829-Jackson 1897-McKinley #> 0.4948317 0.4873232 0.4831967 0.4747463 0.4641136 #> 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison 1817-Monroe 1877-Hayes 1901-McKinley #> 0.4639995 0.4626458 0.4596575 0.4471668 0.4443256 #> 1853-Pierce 1825-Adams 1861-Lincoln 1881-Garfield 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4334040 0.4325683 0.4291235 0.4236965 0.4229689 #> 1797-Adams 1909-Taft 1833-Jackson 1801-Jefferson 1793-Washington #> 0.4184968 0.3980936 0.3975069 0.3908681 0.3806078 #> 1893-Cleveland 1789-Washington 1805-Jefferson 1821-Monroe 1869-Grant #> 0.3775184 0.3737432 0.3728549 0.3700986 0.3632308 #> 1873-Grant 1925-Coolidge 1933-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1917-Wilson #> 0.3560504 0.3425089 0.3274632 0.3204244 0.3063618 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1981-Reagan 1921-Harding 1809-Madison 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3050574 0.2946135 0.2935900 0.2931447 0.2831229 #> 1913-Wilson 2009-Obama 1973-Nixon 1945-Roosevelt 1985-Reagan #> 0.2808660 0.2745784 0.2648700 0.2605577 0.2604236 #> 1961-Kennedy 2001-Bush 1865-Lincoln 2013-Obama 1969-Nixon #> 0.2552466 0.2545149 0.2479829 0.2454837 0.2431879 #> 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt 1813-Madison 2017-Trump 1977-Carter #> 0.2329438 0.2325670 0.2302868 0.2293634 0.2258813 #> 1989-Bush 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1965-Johnson 2005-Bush #> 0.2186598 0.2173703 0.2146147 0.2130845 0.2048017 #> 1993-Clinton 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.1979385 0.1974117 #> #> $`1853-Pierce` #> 1841-Harrison 1837-VanBuren 1897-McKinley 1845-Polk 1881-Garfield #> 0.5981321 0.5796578 0.5763556 0.5576272 0.5516379 #> 1877-Hayes 1825-Adams 1889-Harrison 1861-Lincoln 1925-Coolidge #> 0.5391533 0.5384987 0.5378343 0.5373457 0.5303339 #> 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1833-Jackson 1929-Hoover 1885-Cleveland #> 0.5158348 0.5146579 0.4923211 0.4862787 0.4844039 #> 1909-Taft 1797-Adams 1893-Cleveland 1917-Wilson 1901-McKinley #> 0.4820099 0.4809946 0.4796501 0.4693650 0.4611148 #> 1873-Grant 1821-Monroe 1801-Jefferson 1789-Washington 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.4569637 0.4564194 0.4473907 0.4457685 0.4399644 #> 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson 1953-Eisenhower 1921-Harding 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4334040 0.4312252 0.4293287 0.4284626 0.4281299 #> 1981-Reagan 1805-Jefferson 1869-Grant 2009-Obama 2013-Obama #> 0.4275741 0.4223593 0.4178943 0.4139509 0.4101503 #> 1977-Carter 1809-Madison 1985-Reagan 1913-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4082791 0.4074361 0.4039254 0.3992348 0.3902983 #> 1997-Clinton 2001-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1989-Bush 1973-Nixon #> 0.3691096 0.3689380 0.3685394 0.3666865 0.3663727 #> 1965-Johnson 1949-Truman 1969-Nixon 2005-Bush 1961-Kennedy #> 0.3645780 0.3576912 0.3508435 0.3503059 0.3448044 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 2017-Trump 1813-Madison 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3306715 0.3046861 0.3006301 0.2824157 0.2589203 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1793-Washington #> 0.2466193 0.2414243 #> #> $`1857-Buchanan` #> 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison 1881-Garfield 1861-Lincoln 1817-Monroe #> 0.6396703 0.6194990 0.6061360 0.6047282 0.5960904 #> 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams 1897-McKinley 1821-Monroe 1877-Hayes #> 0.5851107 0.5795111 0.5785823 0.5554701 0.5502087 #> 1837-VanBuren 1833-Jackson 1853-Pierce 1885-Cleveland 1901-McKinley #> 0.5278199 0.5226638 0.5146579 0.5117322 0.5037391 #> 1849-Taylor 1825-Adams 1909-Taft 1829-Jackson 1805-Jefferson #> 0.4948317 0.4917329 0.4739109 0.4538658 0.4532646 #> 1789-Washington 1925-Coolidge 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1801-Jefferson #> 0.4495999 0.4493087 0.4489885 0.4396369 0.4271501 #> 1893-Cleveland 1929-Hoover 1937-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.4255244 0.4188645 0.3967809 0.3962336 0.3721514 #> 1917-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 1809-Madison 1813-Madison 1985-Reagan #> 0.3636412 0.3554342 0.3534408 0.3530153 0.3474181 #> 1921-Harding 1949-Truman 1981-Reagan 1913-Wilson 2005-Bush #> 0.3454640 0.3361676 0.3335269 0.3260319 0.3246647 #> 1793-Washington 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1989-Bush 2001-Bush #> 0.3196486 0.3131931 0.3122723 0.3019823 0.3017249 #> 2017-Trump 1865-Lincoln 1961-Kennedy 1941-Roosevelt 1965-Johnson #> 0.2985968 0.2966087 0.2935301 0.2933626 0.2898779 #> 1969-Nixon 1977-Carter 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt 1973-Nixon #> 0.2871253 0.2864052 0.2852568 0.2797356 0.2768238 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton #> 0.2752324 0.2384464 #> #> $`1861-Lincoln` #> 1881-Garfield 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1857-Buchanan 1897-McKinley #> 0.6449963 0.6160518 0.6120211 0.6047282 0.5544986 #> 1889-Harrison 1853-Pierce 1833-Jackson 1797-Adams 1925-Coolidge #> 0.5529284 0.5373457 0.5055376 0.5052006 0.5024294 #> 1909-Taft 1877-Hayes 1837-VanBuren 1817-Monroe 1825-Adams #> 0.5002338 0.4957879 0.4889544 0.4889075 0.4832790 #> 1885-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1893-Cleveland 1929-Hoover 1789-Washington #> 0.4826026 0.4723492 0.4593792 0.4519587 0.4390104 #> 1821-Monroe 1849-Taylor 1933-Roosevelt 1937-Roosevelt 1829-Jackson #> 0.4375524 0.4291235 0.4160356 0.4095313 0.4088823 #> 1801-Jefferson 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1805-Jefferson 1985-Reagan #> 0.4043596 0.4025477 0.4003627 0.3898931 0.3746371 #> 1921-Harding 1917-Wilson 1981-Reagan 1957-Eisenhower 2013-Obama #> 0.3674586 0.3657044 0.3542295 0.3461898 0.3453801 #> 1977-Carter 1969-Nixon 1953-Eisenhower 1793-Washington 1913-Wilson #> 0.3438505 0.3361165 0.3348920 0.3345452 0.3318772 #> 1965-Johnson 1949-Truman 1809-Madison 1989-Bush 2009-Obama #> 0.3305194 0.3244856 0.3086737 0.3064260 0.3063815 #> 2005-Bush 1997-Clinton 2017-Trump 1973-Nixon 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2965053 0.2962007 0.2846567 0.2753212 0.2729035 #> 1993-Clinton 1865-Lincoln 2001-Bush 1813-Madison 1961-Kennedy #> 0.2676464 0.2653931 0.2609850 0.2600458 0.2594003 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.2411808 0.2381815 #> #> $`1865-Lincoln` #> 1813-Madison 1821-Monroe 1921-Harding 1965-Johnson 1973-Nixon #> 0.3386436 0.3106593 0.3074931 0.3056071 0.3044307 #> 1917-Wilson 1901-McKinley 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 2009-Obama #> 0.3012913 0.2968789 0.2966087 0.2938100 0.2925002 #> 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama 1961-Kennedy 1889-Harrison 1897-McKinley #> 0.2919767 0.2883459 0.2879914 0.2782124 0.2774345 #> 1869-Grant 1805-Jefferson 1825-Adams 1945-Roosevelt 1861-Lincoln #> 0.2694062 0.2678333 0.2665008 0.2659131 0.2653931 #> 1969-Nixon 1997-Clinton 1853-Pierce 1801-Jefferson 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.2615734 0.2600949 0.2589203 0.2586492 0.2582410 #> 1881-Garfield 1909-Taft 1845-Polk 1837-VanBuren 1849-Taylor #> 0.2548352 0.2529331 0.2528153 0.2500113 0.2479829 #> 1981-Reagan 1933-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 1989-Bush 1873-Grant #> 0.2435669 0.2350899 0.2330089 0.2322965 0.2305964 #> 1877-Hayes 1913-Wilson 1841-Harrison 1957-Eisenhower 1925-Coolidge #> 0.2297300 0.2256281 0.2252025 0.2234429 0.2233099 #> 1977-Carter 1937-Roosevelt 1833-Jackson 1829-Jackson 1885-Cleveland #> 0.2200503 0.2171085 0.2165168 0.2142879 0.2105634 #> 1929-Hoover 2001-Bush 1789-Washington 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.2102154 0.2082204 0.2025278 0.2019959 0.2002616 #> 1797-Adams 1949-Truman 2005-Bush 1893-Cleveland 2017-Trump #> 0.1983089 0.1931231 0.1877917 0.1864636 0.1853258 #> 1809-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.1575984 0.1514973 #> #> $`1869-Grant` #> 1877-Hayes 1897-McKinley 1857-Buchanan 1889-Harrison 1817-Monroe #> 0.5007538 0.4858413 0.4489885 0.4348941 0.4284747 #> 1837-VanBuren 1845-Polk 1873-Grant 1853-Pierce 1841-Harrison #> 0.4273528 0.4248001 0.4225316 0.4178943 0.4143601 #> 1881-Garfield 1909-Taft 1925-Coolidge 1797-Adams 1901-McKinley #> 0.4106883 0.4091160 0.4081064 0.4068049 0.4049670 #> 1861-Lincoln 1825-Adams 1821-Monroe 1805-Jefferson 1789-Washington #> 0.4025477 0.3914602 0.3790175 0.3750637 0.3696706 #> 1893-Cleveland 1885-Cleveland 1929-Hoover 1849-Taylor 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3667572 0.3650494 0.3648327 0.3632308 0.3562158 #> 1833-Jackson 2009-Obama 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 2001-Bush #> 0.3494556 0.3476426 0.3473703 0.3397694 0.3388658 #> 1809-Madison 1933-Roosevelt 1829-Jackson 1981-Reagan 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.3372091 0.3371035 0.3348799 0.3243818 0.3170903 #> 1965-Johnson 2005-Bush 1997-Clinton 1813-Madison 1913-Wilson #> 0.3134386 0.3080354 0.3003409 0.2998153 0.2960787 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1921-Harding 2017-Trump 1917-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.2959296 0.2955317 0.2932941 0.2865710 0.2847335 #> 1969-Nixon 1977-Carter 1961-Kennedy 1973-Nixon 1949-Truman #> 0.2843531 0.2784437 0.2747716 0.2726962 0.2714465 #> 1865-Lincoln 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt 1793-Washington #> 0.2694062 0.2588364 0.2519137 0.2496253 0.2480586 #> 1993-Clinton 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2186438 0.1710502 #> #> $`1873-Grant` #> 1841-Harrison 1897-McKinley 1877-Hayes 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce #> 0.4784356 0.4762143 0.4712045 0.4609127 0.4569637 #> 1889-Harrison 1857-Buchanan 1837-VanBuren 1821-Monroe 1817-Monroe #> 0.4435992 0.4396369 0.4350170 0.4344653 0.4320012 #> 1925-Coolidge 1869-Grant 1901-McKinley 1797-Adams 1825-Adams #> 0.4312804 0.4225316 0.4213660 0.4208325 0.4113819 #> 1909-Taft 1861-Lincoln 1845-Polk 1937-Roosevelt 1833-Jackson #> 0.4010777 0.4003627 0.3986676 0.3802303 0.3742959 #> 1929-Hoover 1893-Cleveland 1885-Cleveland 1985-Reagan 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.3725151 0.3683382 0.3670283 0.3596551 0.3573361 #> 1849-Taylor 1789-Washington 1801-Jefferson 1921-Harding 1981-Reagan #> 0.3560504 0.3524557 0.3507179 0.3469209 0.3406648 #> 1917-Wilson 1953-Eisenhower 1989-Bush 1969-Nixon 1829-Jackson #> 0.3296023 0.3267014 0.3252964 0.3203397 0.3161537 #> 1965-Johnson 1809-Madison 2009-Obama 1805-Jefferson 2013-Obama #> 0.3139855 0.3130805 0.3130723 0.3129751 0.3097694 #> 1997-Clinton 1949-Truman 1977-Carter 1913-Wilson 2017-Trump #> 0.3095522 0.3074668 0.3053836 0.3053576 0.3052610 #> 1973-Nixon 1905-Roosevelt 2001-Bush 1957-Eisenhower 2005-Bush #> 0.3029232 0.2981955 0.2950418 0.2871959 0.2837963 #> 1813-Madison 1961-Kennedy 1941-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2775690 0.2751252 0.2514531 0.2460133 0.2305964 #> 1793-Washington 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2031950 0.1893489 #> #> $`1877-Hayes` #> 1897-McKinley 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison 1825-Adams 1889-Harrison #> 0.6148244 0.5666338 0.5657618 0.5639725 0.5535451 #> 1881-Garfield 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 1837-VanBuren 1853-Pierce #> 0.5523172 0.5502087 0.5478872 0.5428807 0.5391533 #> 1885-Cleveland 1797-Adams 1925-Coolidge 1901-McKinley 1869-Grant #> 0.5259991 0.5190976 0.5141566 0.5081075 0.5007538 #> 1833-Jackson 1861-Lincoln 1929-Hoover 1821-Monroe 1909-Taft #> 0.4962019 0.4957879 0.4930264 0.4915917 0.4841241 #> 1893-Cleveland 1873-Grant 1849-Taylor 1789-Washington 1829-Jackson #> 0.4782154 0.4712045 0.4471668 0.4462200 0.4271811 #> 1805-Jefferson 1801-Jefferson 1937-Roosevelt 1917-Wilson 1809-Madison #> 0.4226873 0.4149280 0.4062826 0.3838502 0.3805804 #> 2013-Obama 1933-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower 2001-Bush 1985-Reagan #> 0.3706975 0.3689886 0.3679318 0.3676962 0.3666063 #> 1913-Wilson 1981-Reagan 1921-Harding 2005-Bush 2009-Obama #> 0.3656512 0.3640111 0.3590946 0.3263778 0.3171187 #> 2017-Trump 1813-Madison 1997-Clinton 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman #> 0.3166383 0.3142280 0.3140842 0.3051636 0.3044000 #> 1989-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1977-Carter 1965-Johnson 1973-Nixon #> 0.3042248 0.2926411 0.2922812 0.2877882 0.2856873 #> 1793-Washington 1961-Kennedy 1993-Clinton 1969-Nixon 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.2693419 0.2682365 0.2631935 0.2600284 0.2593804 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2297300 0.2204688 #> #> $`1881-Garfield` #> 1861-Lincoln 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1889-Harrison 1857-Buchanan #> 0.6449963 0.6137943 0.6078118 0.6078097 0.6061360 #> 1897-McKinley 1901-McKinley 1797-Adams 1877-Hayes 1853-Pierce #> 0.5945837 0.5759267 0.5639119 0.5523172 0.5516379 #> 1817-Monroe 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson 1885-Cleveland 1909-Taft #> 0.5514997 0.5397509 0.5367686 0.5318723 0.5191776 #> 1837-VanBuren 1893-Cleveland 1821-Monroe 1925-Coolidge 1929-Hoover #> 0.5154719 0.5086534 0.5053562 0.4997961 0.4924467 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1873-Grant 1985-Reagan 1981-Reagan 1849-Taylor #> 0.4917521 0.4609127 0.4340529 0.4264969 0.4236965 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1801-Jefferson 1789-Washington 1829-Jackson 1869-Grant #> 0.4202929 0.4198924 0.4164610 0.4155535 0.4106883 #> 1917-Wilson 1997-Clinton 1921-Harding 2013-Obama 1969-Nixon #> 0.4058798 0.3968480 0.3947875 0.3933721 0.3866037 #> 1977-Carter 1913-Wilson 2009-Obama 1957-Eisenhower 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3859020 0.3857147 0.3826476 0.3775163 0.3747465 #> 1965-Johnson 1953-Eisenhower 2005-Bush 1989-Bush 1949-Truman #> 0.3710219 0.3705787 0.3686078 0.3683581 0.3636193 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1809-Madison 1973-Nixon 1941-Roosevelt 2001-Bush #> 0.3436293 0.3430237 0.3402723 0.3359560 0.3297729 #> 1961-Kennedy 2017-Trump 1993-Clinton 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.3232345 0.3186152 0.3155277 0.3094660 0.2690956 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2548352 0.2297637 #> #> $`1885-Cleveland` #> 1893-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1897-McKinley 1845-Polk 1841-Harrison #> 0.6159420 0.5680093 0.5648537 0.5465415 0.5354903 #> 1797-Adams 1881-Garfield 1877-Hayes 1837-VanBuren 1857-Buchanan #> 0.5350306 0.5318723 0.5259991 0.5138522 0.5117322 #> 1817-Monroe 1901-McKinley 1833-Jackson 1849-Taylor 1853-Pierce #> 0.5063416 0.4938518 0.4931490 0.4873232 0.4844039 #> 1825-Adams 1861-Lincoln 1929-Hoover 1829-Jackson 1925-Coolidge #> 0.4836913 0.4826026 0.4823712 0.4759167 0.4387243 #> 1801-Jefferson 1789-Washington 1937-Roosevelt 1909-Taft 1805-Jefferson #> 0.4357210 0.4313620 0.4304126 0.4251693 0.4177469 #> 1821-Monroe 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan 1921-Harding 1873-Grant #> 0.3869920 0.3764987 0.3723539 0.3674313 0.3670283 #> 1869-Grant 1933-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower 2013-Obama 1997-Clinton #> 0.3650494 0.3637184 0.3555655 0.3414678 0.3337732 #> 1917-Wilson 1913-Wilson 1793-Washington 1973-Nixon 1969-Nixon #> 0.3308948 0.3243492 0.3236520 0.3142944 0.3106038 #> 2017-Trump 2001-Bush 1809-Madison 1905-Roosevelt 2009-Obama #> 0.3096608 0.3058224 0.3039879 0.3015684 0.2986415 #> 1949-Truman 1977-Carter 1941-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower 1993-Clinton #> 0.2954619 0.2884110 0.2836393 0.2830985 0.2794881 #> 1965-Johnson 1989-Bush 2005-Bush 1813-Madison 1961-Kennedy #> 0.2753046 0.2672929 0.2652376 0.2621456 0.2467103 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2366080 0.2105634 #> #> $`1889-Harrison` #> 1897-McKinley 1881-Garfield 1857-Buchanan 1841-Harrison 1885-Cleveland #> 0.6390005 0.6078097 0.5851107 0.5842358 0.5680093 #> 1901-McKinley 1877-Hayes 1861-Lincoln 1797-Adams 1845-Polk #> 0.5543323 0.5535451 0.5529284 0.5519249 0.5389545 #> 1853-Pierce 1817-Monroe 1893-Cleveland 1909-Taft 1837-VanBuren #> 0.5378343 0.5337781 0.5217156 0.5171843 0.5115589 #> 1929-Hoover 1925-Coolidge 1849-Taylor 1833-Jackson 1821-Monroe #> 0.5112906 0.4850495 0.4831967 0.4811084 0.4807164 #> 1825-Adams 1829-Jackson 1873-Grant 1937-Roosevelt 1869-Grant #> 0.4752377 0.4465486 0.4435992 0.4358355 0.4348941 #> 1805-Jefferson 1953-Eisenhower 1933-Roosevelt 1913-Wilson 1917-Wilson #> 0.4300174 0.4115962 0.4053466 0.4039950 0.4039602 #> 1789-Washington 1921-Harding 1801-Jefferson 1957-Eisenhower 1985-Reagan #> 0.3971131 0.3909974 0.3826020 0.3713340 0.3633258 #> 1809-Madison 1981-Reagan 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1965-Johnson #> 0.3627096 0.3607947 0.3600069 0.3517380 0.3488428 #> 1997-Clinton 1989-Bush 1977-Carter 1969-Nixon 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.3455750 0.3450895 0.3381240 0.3372467 0.3364139 #> 1949-Truman 2001-Bush 1941-Roosevelt 2005-Bush 2017-Trump #> 0.3303359 0.3263570 0.3214941 0.3181727 0.3132196 #> 1973-Nixon 1813-Madison 1993-Clinton 1793-Washington 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3030936 0.2982264 0.2910656 0.2902385 0.2782124 #> 1961-Kennedy 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2660145 0.2573714 #> #> $`1893-Cleveland` #> 1885-Cleveland 1897-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 1889-Harrison 1841-Harrison #> 0.6159420 0.5654514 0.5339985 0.5217156 0.5172825 #> 1881-Garfield 1845-Polk 1929-Hoover 1817-Monroe 1797-Adams #> 0.5086534 0.4832683 0.4826789 0.4817436 0.4804623 #> 1853-Pierce 1901-McKinley 1877-Hayes 1833-Jackson 1925-Coolidge #> 0.4796501 0.4784883 0.4782154 0.4655200 0.4627866 #> 1861-Lincoln 1829-Jackson 1937-Roosevelt 1789-Washington 1909-Taft #> 0.4593792 0.4501589 0.4356557 0.4354953 0.4344032 #> 1857-Buchanan 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.4255244 0.4217664 0.4197610 0.4134454 0.4056215 #> 1801-Jefferson 1825-Adams 2009-Obama 1953-Eisenhower 1849-Taylor #> 0.4018160 0.3999217 0.3829927 0.3793939 0.3775184 #> 1821-Monroe 1921-Harding 1977-Carter 1873-Grant 1997-Clinton #> 0.3702455 0.3696623 0.3683400 0.3683382 0.3676091 #> 1869-Grant 1905-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson 1917-Wilson 2001-Bush #> 0.3667572 0.3578266 0.3554303 0.3529746 0.3483731 #> 1969-Nixon 1965-Johnson 1913-Wilson 1993-Clinton 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3475577 0.3426986 0.3368591 0.3320685 0.3100648 #> 1973-Nixon 1949-Truman 2017-Trump 1989-Bush 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.3086599 0.3061761 0.3036888 0.3029683 0.3021953 #> 1809-Madison 2005-Bush 1813-Madison 1961-Kennedy 1793-Washington #> 0.2935477 0.2903244 0.2689661 0.2593488 0.2289520 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2088726 0.1864636 #> #> $`1897-McKinley` #> 1889-Harrison 1901-McKinley 1841-Harrison 1877-Hayes 1909-Taft #> 0.6390005 0.6234763 0.6148581 0.6148244 0.6006339 #> 1881-Garfield 1845-Polk 1925-Coolidge 1857-Buchanan 1853-Pierce #> 0.5945837 0.5884008 0.5855930 0.5785823 0.5763556 #> 1837-VanBuren 1893-Cleveland 1885-Cleveland 1929-Hoover 1817-Monroe #> 0.5677958 0.5654514 0.5648537 0.5585060 0.5565795 #> 1861-Lincoln 1797-Adams 1821-Monroe 1833-Jackson 1825-Adams #> 0.5544986 0.5502254 0.5222933 0.5210049 0.4918218 #> 1869-Grant 1933-Roosevelt 1873-Grant 1849-Taylor 1917-Wilson #> 0.4858413 0.4851295 0.4762143 0.4641136 0.4640254 #> 1789-Washington 1921-Harding 1829-Jackson 1937-Roosevelt 2013-Obama #> 0.4619723 0.4606746 0.4577536 0.4556285 0.4369620 #> 1985-Reagan 1953-Eisenhower 1981-Reagan 1913-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4329481 0.4276664 0.4253725 0.4177240 0.4015950 #> 1805-Jefferson 1801-Jefferson 1949-Truman 1989-Bush 2009-Obama #> 0.3874217 0.3866672 0.3861997 0.3720968 0.3679430 #> 1993-Clinton 1977-Carter 1997-Clinton 2017-Trump 1965-Johnson #> 0.3634187 0.3630253 0.3619130 0.3606982 0.3561084 #> 1809-Madison 2001-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1969-Nixon 2005-Bush #> 0.3538514 0.3501477 0.3430636 0.3415327 0.3386054 #> 1973-Nixon 1813-Madison 1941-Roosevelt 1793-Washington 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3277971 0.3219408 0.3087282 0.2956474 0.2774345 #> 1961-Kennedy 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2760306 0.2680773 #> #> $`1901-McKinley` #> 1897-McKinley 1881-Garfield 1889-Harrison 1817-Monroe 1841-Harrison #> 0.6234763 0.5759267 0.5543323 0.5181861 0.5114825 #> 1845-Polk 1877-Hayes 1857-Buchanan 1885-Cleveland 1797-Adams #> 0.5101124 0.5081075 0.5037391 0.4938518 0.4914204 #> 1833-Jackson 1909-Taft 1821-Monroe 1925-Coolidge 1893-Cleveland #> 0.4887053 0.4868713 0.4831070 0.4815348 0.4784883 #> 1929-Hoover 1937-Roosevelt 1861-Lincoln 1837-VanBuren 1825-Adams #> 0.4780894 0.4752240 0.4723492 0.4718514 0.4664547 #> 1853-Pierce 1917-Wilson 1849-Taylor 1985-Reagan 1921-Harding #> 0.4611148 0.4446057 0.4443256 0.4419497 0.4334307 #> 1873-Grant 1933-Roosevelt 2013-Obama 1981-Reagan 1869-Grant #> 0.4213660 0.4208310 0.4151365 0.4126744 0.4049670 #> 1829-Jackson 2009-Obama 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3921074 0.3873509 0.3847295 0.3820340 0.3774343 #> 1813-Madison 1969-Nixon 1789-Washington 1989-Bush 1997-Clinton #> 0.3771536 0.3747539 0.3729026 0.3700422 0.3698683 #> 1973-Nixon 1913-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 1905-Roosevelt 1977-Carter #> 0.3674009 0.3657744 0.3642923 0.3562556 0.3555812 #> 1805-Jefferson 1941-Roosevelt 1965-Johnson 2005-Bush 1809-Madison #> 0.3549842 0.3529824 0.3432966 0.3430009 0.3400705 #> 1993-Clinton 2001-Bush 2017-Trump 1865-Lincoln 1961-Kennedy #> 0.3303073 0.3203372 0.3088027 0.2968789 0.2783383 #> 1793-Washington 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2597632 0.2550201 #> #> $`1905-Roosevelt` #> 2009-Obama 1985-Reagan 1997-Clinton 1981-Reagan 2013-Obama #> 0.46932976 0.45237741 0.44650231 0.44499092 0.44186171 #> 1989-Bush 1969-Nixon 1917-Wilson 1925-Coolidge 1965-Johnson #> 0.42552051 0.41523767 0.41186171 0.41015628 0.40846263 #> 1973-Nixon 1953-Eisenhower 1921-Harding 2001-Bush 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.40578063 0.40575819 0.40398865 0.39862012 0.39508613 #> 1977-Carter 1941-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1993-Clinton 1913-Wilson #> 0.39372316 0.39319116 0.39183070 0.38735016 0.37963141 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1853-Pierce 1893-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1929-Hoover #> 0.37076151 0.36853941 0.35782661 0.35625565 0.35567466 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1881-Garfield 1817-Monroe 1961-Kennedy #> 0.35541440 0.35410232 0.34362928 0.34332757 0.34317261 #> 1897-McKinley 1889-Harrison 1841-Harrison 1797-Adams 1801-Jefferson #> 0.34306364 0.33641388 0.33397117 0.32974156 0.32364007 #> 1821-Monroe 2005-Bush 1885-Cleveland 1873-Grant 1877-Hayes #> 0.31845504 0.30490461 0.30156839 0.29819548 0.29264109 #> 1805-Jefferson 2017-Trump 1857-Buchanan 1945-Roosevelt 1909-Taft #> 0.29027487 0.28402536 0.27973562 0.27228514 0.26768962 #> 1833-Jackson 1825-Adams 1845-Polk 1869-Grant 1861-Lincoln #> 0.26724883 0.26611097 0.25931930 0.25191367 0.23818145 #> 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 1809-Madison 1829-Jackson 1865-Lincoln #> 0.23699949 0.23256695 0.22974459 0.22490412 0.20026160 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.18787127 0.09349731 #> #> $`1909-Taft` #> 1897-McKinley 1925-Coolidge 1881-Garfield 1889-Harrison 1841-Harrison #> 0.6006339 0.5322958 0.5191776 0.5171843 0.5055698 #> 1845-Polk 1861-Lincoln 1929-Hoover 1901-McKinley 1877-Hayes #> 0.5053410 0.5002338 0.4991355 0.4868713 0.4841241 #> 1853-Pierce 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 1821-Monroe 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4820099 0.4739109 0.4617145 0.4551790 0.4544400 #> 1921-Harding 1893-Cleveland 1797-Adams 1885-Cleveland 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.4369934 0.4344032 0.4332924 0.4251693 0.4110003 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1869-Grant 1873-Grant 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson #> 0.4109187 0.4091160 0.4010777 0.3999511 0.3993345 #> 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson 1913-Wilson 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3987867 0.3980936 0.3836330 0.3795451 0.3706912 #> 1981-Reagan 1805-Jefferson 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 1917-Wilson #> 0.3651933 0.3584920 0.3556185 0.3550064 0.3463976 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1957-Eisenhower 1989-Bush 2009-Obama #> 0.3460538 0.3409707 0.3377490 0.3343668 0.3255123 #> 1997-Clinton 1977-Carter 1993-Clinton 1973-Nixon 1809-Madison #> 0.3111600 0.3089595 0.2963380 0.2958791 0.2937813 #> 2001-Bush 2005-Bush 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 2017-Trump #> 0.2935492 0.2919979 0.2872216 0.2810805 0.2792934 #> 1813-Madison 1905-Roosevelt 1961-Kennedy 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2749420 0.2676896 0.2624799 0.2529331 0.2433460 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1793-Washington #> 0.2416543 0.2256397 #> #> $`1913-Wilson` #> 1937-Roosevelt 1925-Coolidge 1917-Wilson 1897-McKinley 1929-Hoover #> 0.4604643 0.4471039 0.4384914 0.4177240 0.4071560 #> 1889-Harrison 1989-Bush 2009-Obama 1853-Pierce 1881-Garfield #> 0.4039950 0.4026653 0.4002097 0.3992348 0.3857147 #> 1965-Johnson 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt 1909-Taft 1841-Harrison #> 0.3806983 0.3796865 0.3796314 0.3795451 0.3793866 #> 1817-Monroe 1837-VanBuren 1933-Roosevelt 1821-Monroe 1901-McKinley #> 0.3786985 0.3730571 0.3698387 0.3688911 0.3657744 #> 1877-Hayes 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan 1921-Harding 1797-Adams #> 0.3656512 0.3606712 0.3585252 0.3574452 0.3569275 #> 1825-Adams 2013-Obama 1941-Roosevelt 1969-Nixon 1893-Cleveland #> 0.3450651 0.3422062 0.3421095 0.3372147 0.3368591 #> 1973-Nixon 2001-Bush 1861-Lincoln 1845-Polk 1789-Washington #> 0.3358531 0.3334160 0.3318772 0.3299392 0.3276281 #> 1857-Buchanan 1957-Eisenhower 1885-Cleveland 1801-Jefferson 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3260319 0.3257373 0.3243492 0.3219044 0.3199213 #> 1977-Carter 2017-Trump 1873-Grant 2005-Bush 1869-Grant #> 0.3171919 0.3097255 0.3053576 0.3024197 0.2960787 #> 1849-Taylor 1993-Clinton 1833-Jackson 1961-Kennedy 1949-Truman #> 0.2808660 0.2802481 0.2789116 0.2777337 0.2709982 #> 1805-Jefferson 1945-Roosevelt 1829-Jackson 1865-Lincoln 1809-Madison #> 0.2634138 0.2608431 0.2360722 0.2256281 0.2182033 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2075463 0.1496481 #> #> $`1917-Wilson` #> 1953-Eisenhower 1853-Pierce 1897-McKinley 2009-Obama 1925-Coolidge #> 0.4799998 0.4693650 0.4640254 0.4465655 0.4447904 #> 1901-McKinley 1913-Wilson 1949-Truman 1969-Nixon 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4446057 0.4384914 0.4312701 0.4304809 0.4278873 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1921-Harding 1937-Roosevelt 1985-Reagan #> 0.4237643 0.4237321 0.4228213 0.4210185 0.4134828 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1881-Garfield 2013-Obama 1889-Harrison #> 0.4118617 0.4099271 0.4058798 0.4052630 0.4039602 #> 1841-Harrison 1973-Nixon 1989-Bush 1981-Reagan 1877-Hayes #> 0.4038270 0.4015050 0.3957107 0.3868836 0.3838502 #> 1997-Clinton 1961-Kennedy 1825-Adams 1977-Carter 1861-Lincoln #> 0.3767275 0.3733042 0.3716468 0.3675058 0.3657044 #> 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1941-Roosevelt 2001-Bush 1821-Monroe #> 0.3649074 0.3636412 0.3629546 0.3621190 0.3577942 #> 1965-Johnson 1797-Adams 1993-Clinton 1893-Cleveland 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.3553106 0.3540174 0.3531579 0.3529746 0.3496210 #> 1909-Taft 1845-Polk 1833-Jackson 1801-Jefferson 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3463976 0.3418552 0.3394590 0.3368613 0.3365639 #> 1885-Cleveland 1873-Grant 2005-Bush 1849-Taylor 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3308948 0.3296023 0.3166508 0.3063618 0.3012913 #> 1809-Madison 2017-Trump 1869-Grant 1829-Jackson 1789-Washington #> 0.2999792 0.2975482 0.2865710 0.2828444 0.2744406 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2447271 0.2088297 #> #> $`1921-Harding` #> 1925-Coolidge 1929-Hoover 1993-Clinton 1957-Eisenhower 1985-Reagan #> 0.5544713 0.5419928 0.5280024 0.5010826 0.4992481 #> 1949-Truman 1953-Eisenhower 2013-Obama 1973-Nixon 1897-McKinley #> 0.4844515 0.4744444 0.4697207 0.4665732 0.4606746 #> 2009-Obama 1933-Roosevelt 1997-Clinton 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush #> 0.4602595 0.4592842 0.4581415 0.4514076 0.4491063 #> 1977-Carter 1969-Nixon 1909-Taft 1937-Roosevelt 1901-McKinley #> 0.4468103 0.4440564 0.4369934 0.4336452 0.4334307 #> 1853-Pierce 1917-Wilson 2001-Bush 1965-Johnson 2005-Bush #> 0.4284626 0.4228213 0.4191183 0.4185668 0.4104266 #> 2017-Trump 1905-Roosevelt 1881-Garfield 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams #> 0.4085250 0.4039887 0.3947875 0.3909974 0.3878982 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1961-Kennedy 1893-Cleveland 1861-Lincoln #> 0.3858601 0.3838768 0.3817209 0.3696623 0.3674586 #> 1885-Cleveland 1801-Jefferson 1877-Hayes 1817-Monroe 1913-Wilson #> 0.3674313 0.3601224 0.3590946 0.3574769 0.3574452 #> 1845-Polk 1833-Jackson 1841-Harrison 1873-Grant 1857-Buchanan #> 0.3557354 0.3537451 0.3517532 0.3469209 0.3454640 #> 1821-Monroe 1789-Washington 1825-Adams 1945-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3391579 0.3334401 0.3312504 0.3301721 0.3194110 #> 1813-Madison 1865-Lincoln 1869-Grant 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson #> 0.3094559 0.3074931 0.2955317 0.2935900 0.2833742 #> 1809-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2810508 0.1732867 #> #> $`1925-Coolidge` #> 1929-Hoover 1897-McKinley 1921-Harding 1909-Taft 1853-Pierce #> 0.6045125 0.5855930 0.5544713 0.5322958 0.5303339 #> 1841-Harrison 1877-Hayes 1797-Adams 1949-Truman 1837-VanBuren #> 0.5220654 0.5141566 0.5136704 0.5119803 0.5099124 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1861-Lincoln 1817-Monroe 1881-Garfield 1985-Reagan #> 0.5090303 0.5024294 0.5007858 0.4997961 0.4865926 #> 1889-Harrison 1901-McKinley 1933-Roosevelt 1845-Polk 1981-Reagan #> 0.4850495 0.4815348 0.4790725 0.4761057 0.4751669 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1989-Bush 1825-Adams 1937-Roosevelt 2013-Obama #> 0.4734002 0.4729248 0.4717333 0.4693872 0.4675948 #> 1977-Carter 1893-Cleveland 1973-Nixon 2009-Obama 1821-Monroe #> 0.4648548 0.4627866 0.4575601 0.4568061 0.4539886 #> 1857-Buchanan 1913-Wilson 1969-Nixon 1917-Wilson 2001-Bush #> 0.4493087 0.4471039 0.4470029 0.4447904 0.4404389 #> 1885-Cleveland 2005-Bush 1993-Clinton 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson #> 0.4387243 0.4372257 0.4343442 0.4312804 0.4289094 #> 1801-Jefferson 1965-Johnson 1789-Washington 1997-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.4245293 0.4244409 0.4216351 0.4214550 0.4101563 #> 1869-Grant 2017-Trump 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1961-Kennedy #> 0.4081064 0.4053082 0.3903435 0.3822368 0.3818828 #> 1829-Jackson 1941-Roosevelt 1849-Taylor 1945-Roosevelt 1813-Madison #> 0.3638898 0.3492131 0.3425089 0.3080213 0.3047923 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2233099 0.1678575 #> #> $`1929-Hoover` #> 1925-Coolidge 1897-McKinley 1921-Harding 1937-Roosevelt 1889-Harrison #> 0.6045125 0.5585060 0.5419928 0.5259636 0.5112906 #> 1797-Adams 1909-Taft 1877-Hayes 1881-Garfield 1845-Polk #> 0.5070120 0.4991355 0.4930264 0.4924467 0.4897848 #> 1853-Pierce 1893-Cleveland 1885-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1949-Truman #> 0.4862787 0.4826789 0.4823712 0.4780894 0.4775912 #> 1841-Harrison 1957-Eisenhower 1837-VanBuren 1985-Reagan 1981-Reagan #> 0.4704197 0.4667598 0.4602279 0.4572320 0.4534502 #> 1861-Lincoln 1825-Adams 1953-Eisenhower 1833-Jackson 1917-Wilson #> 0.4519587 0.4516753 0.4452336 0.4338198 0.4237321 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan #> 0.4220740 0.4217683 0.4215659 0.4193874 0.4188645 #> 2001-Bush 1913-Wilson 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1989-Bush #> 0.4091682 0.4071560 0.4048635 0.4034583 0.4031800 #> 1969-Nixon 1997-Clinton 1821-Monroe 1993-Clinton 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3898278 0.3895378 0.3885872 0.3873057 0.3866673 #> 2005-Bush 1829-Jackson 1789-Washington 1873-Grant 1965-Johnson #> 0.3851449 0.3782512 0.3744054 0.3725151 0.3651896 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1869-Grant 1805-Jefferson 1905-Roosevelt 2017-Trump #> 0.3648656 0.3648327 0.3588989 0.3556747 0.3380369 #> 1809-Madison 1849-Taylor 1961-Kennedy 1945-Roosevelt 1813-Madison #> 0.3346206 0.3204244 0.3117939 0.3064166 0.2827083 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2102154 0.1914917 #> #> $`1933-Roosevelt` #> 1897-McKinley 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 1853-Pierce 2009-Obama #> 0.4851295 0.4790725 0.4592842 0.4399644 0.4397100 #> 1917-Wilson 1929-Hoover 1901-McKinley 1989-Bush 1881-Garfield #> 0.4237643 0.4220740 0.4208310 0.4207578 0.4202929 #> 1841-Harrison 1985-Reagan 1937-Roosevelt 1861-Lincoln 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4198525 0.4164116 0.4163625 0.4160356 0.4146225 #> 2013-Obama 1909-Taft 1893-Cleveland 1889-Harrison 1981-Reagan #> 0.4128701 0.4110003 0.4056215 0.4053466 0.4032167 #> 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 1797-Adams 1977-Carter 1789-Washington #> 0.3962336 0.3951706 0.3916554 0.3872292 0.3868001 #> 1969-Nixon 1993-Clinton 1957-Eisenhower 1997-Clinton 1965-Johnson #> 0.3843350 0.3833884 0.3829366 0.3805578 0.3787525 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1913-Wilson 1949-Truman 1877-Hayes 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3707615 0.3698387 0.3690070 0.3689886 0.3676087 #> 1821-Monroe 1885-Cleveland 1845-Polk 1829-Jackson 1873-Grant #> 0.3642001 0.3637184 0.3602193 0.3595049 0.3573361 #> 1805-Jefferson 2001-Bush 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3523923 0.3434389 0.3399631 0.3382224 0.3373129 #> 1869-Grant 1961-Kennedy 1973-Nixon 1801-Jefferson 1849-Taylor #> 0.3371035 0.3348162 0.3344321 0.3308561 0.3274632 #> 2005-Bush 1945-Roosevelt 2017-Trump 1809-Madison 1813-Madison #> 0.3221107 0.2962670 0.2920648 0.2728620 0.2502784 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2350899 0.1898302 #> #> $`1937-Roosevelt` #> 1929-Hoover 1881-Garfield 1901-McKinley 1925-Coolidge 1997-Clinton #> 0.5259636 0.4917521 0.4752240 0.4693872 0.4652568 #> 1989-Bush 1985-Reagan 1841-Harrison 1797-Adams 1913-Wilson #> 0.4647028 0.4635617 0.4628687 0.4620706 0.4604643 #> 1897-McKinley 1969-Nixon 1845-Polk 2009-Obama 1981-Reagan #> 0.4556285 0.4506001 0.4489866 0.4484460 0.4465921 #> 1837-VanBuren 1941-Roosevelt 1889-Harrison 1893-Cleveland 1921-Harding #> 0.4388703 0.4388249 0.4358355 0.4356557 0.4336452 #> 1885-Cleveland 1853-Pierce 1917-Wilson 1977-Carter 1817-Monroe #> 0.4304126 0.4281299 0.4210185 0.4209395 0.4198882 #> 2013-Obama 1933-Roosevelt 1833-Jackson 1909-Taft 1861-Lincoln #> 0.4192635 0.4163625 0.4142112 0.4109187 0.4095313 #> 1949-Truman 1877-Hayes 1973-Nixon 1965-Johnson 1857-Buchanan #> 0.4079525 0.4062826 0.4030932 0.3991212 0.3967809 #> 2001-Bush 1905-Roosevelt 1825-Adams 1953-Eisenhower 1873-Grant #> 0.3964994 0.3950861 0.3904159 0.3892457 0.3802303 #> 1821-Monroe 1993-Clinton 2017-Trump 1801-Jefferson 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.3739482 0.3728748 0.3701930 0.3672647 0.3648697 #> 1789-Washington 2005-Bush 1945-Roosevelt 1829-Jackson 1961-Kennedy #> 0.3639490 0.3490076 0.3335815 0.3267945 0.3217498 #> 1869-Grant 1849-Taylor 1805-Jefferson 1813-Madison 1809-Madison #> 0.3170903 0.3050574 0.2923555 0.2754830 0.2518650 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2171085 0.1913787 #> #> $`1941-Roosevelt` #> 2009-Obama 2005-Bush 2013-Obama 1997-Clinton 1985-Reagan #> 0.4806676 0.4669590 0.4528271 0.4521912 0.4509283 #> 1989-Bush 1937-Roosevelt 1977-Carter 1969-Nixon 1965-Johnson #> 0.4388543 0.4388249 0.4372717 0.4285305 0.4271198 #> 2001-Bush 1981-Reagan 1953-Eisenhower 1993-Clinton 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.4192023 0.4160886 0.4027682 0.4002951 0.3931912 #> 1797-Adams 1921-Harding 1949-Truman 1929-Hoover 2017-Trump #> 0.3868246 0.3858601 0.3785309 0.3648656 0.3639366 #> 1973-Nixon 1917-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 1901-McKinley 1925-Coolidge #> 0.3631230 0.3629546 0.3606468 0.3529824 0.3492131 #> 1913-Wilson 1837-VanBuren 1933-Roosevelt 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce #> 0.3421095 0.3373180 0.3373129 0.3359560 0.3306715 #> 1841-Harrison 1889-Harrison 1893-Cleveland 1961-Kennedy 1897-McKinley #> 0.3253140 0.3214941 0.3100648 0.3090879 0.3087282 #> 1817-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1801-Jefferson 1825-Adams 1885-Cleveland #> 0.3075137 0.2933626 0.2899746 0.2899042 0.2836393 #> 1821-Monroe 1833-Jackson 1845-Polk 1877-Hayes 1873-Grant #> 0.2819306 0.2764320 0.2744638 0.2593804 0.2514531 #> 1869-Grant 1805-Jefferson 1789-Washington 1909-Taft 1861-Lincoln #> 0.2496253 0.2437118 0.2427562 0.2416543 0.2411808 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1813-Madison 1809-Madison 1865-Lincoln 1829-Jackson #> 0.2399043 0.2361440 0.2194135 0.2019959 0.1977163 #> 1849-Taylor 1793-Washington #> 0.1974117 0.1116450 #> #> $`1945-Roosevelt` #> 1953-Eisenhower 1969-Nixon 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1917-Wilson #> 0.3971161 0.3650109 0.3557906 0.3535758 0.3496210 #> 1973-Nixon 1937-Roosevelt 1921-Harding 1989-Bush 1985-Reagan #> 0.3352186 0.3335815 0.3301721 0.3298011 0.3251447 #> 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1925-Coolidge 1929-Hoover 1961-Kennedy #> 0.3193821 0.3135353 0.3080213 0.3064166 0.3014853 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 1965-Johnson 1981-Reagan 1857-Buchanan #> 0.2962670 0.2897563 0.2869534 0.2758514 0.2752324 #> 1861-Lincoln 1905-Roosevelt 2001-Bush 1897-McKinley 2005-Bush #> 0.2729035 0.2722851 0.2681689 0.2680773 0.2666159 #> 1865-Lincoln 1801-Jefferson 1913-Wilson 1849-Taylor 1889-Harrison #> 0.2659131 0.2649384 0.2608431 0.2605577 0.2573714 #> 1901-McKinley 1997-Clinton 1977-Carter 1853-Pierce 1805-Jefferson #> 0.2550201 0.2550062 0.2482199 0.2466193 0.2451702 #> 1909-Taft 1941-Roosevelt 1885-Cleveland 1881-Garfield 1793-Washington #> 0.2433460 0.2399043 0.2366080 0.2297637 0.2290539 #> 1837-VanBuren 1841-Harrison 1877-Hayes 1829-Jackson 1797-Adams #> 0.2280308 0.2210487 0.2204688 0.2175763 0.2173591 #> 1817-Monroe 1825-Adams 1845-Polk 2017-Trump 1893-Cleveland #> 0.2162318 0.2159631 0.2117474 0.2111098 0.2088726 #> 1821-Monroe 1833-Jackson 1873-Grant 1789-Washington 1809-Madison #> 0.2058262 0.1942862 0.1893489 0.1865474 0.1749617 #> 1869-Grant 1813-Madison #> 0.1710502 0.1403217 #> #> $`1949-Truman` #> 1957-Eisenhower 1953-Eisenhower 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 1985-Reagan #> 0.5896050 0.5599790 0.5119803 0.4844515 0.4786446 #> 1929-Hoover 1969-Nixon 2005-Bush 1989-Bush 2013-Obama #> 0.4775912 0.4635787 0.4483708 0.4444935 0.4336559 #> 1977-Carter 1973-Nixon 1917-Wilson 1961-Kennedy 1981-Reagan #> 0.4336415 0.4313315 0.4312701 0.4169106 0.4120769 #> 2009-Obama 1937-Roosevelt 1993-Clinton 1797-Adams 1897-McKinley #> 0.4115157 0.4079525 0.4077507 0.3875288 0.3861997 #> 1965-Johnson 1901-McKinley 1941-Roosevelt 1997-Clinton 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.3861429 0.3820340 0.3785309 0.3694422 0.3690070 #> 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce 1809-Madison 1905-Roosevelt 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.3636193 0.3576912 0.3566084 0.3541023 0.3535758 #> 1837-VanBuren 1909-Taft 2001-Bush 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe #> 0.3477542 0.3409707 0.3401469 0.3361676 0.3360004 #> 1889-Harrison 1861-Lincoln 1845-Polk 2017-Trump 1833-Jackson #> 0.3303359 0.3244856 0.3236521 0.3144166 0.3107441 #> 1873-Grant 1893-Cleveland 1801-Jefferson 1877-Hayes 1825-Adams #> 0.3074668 0.3061761 0.3046831 0.3044000 0.3025921 #> 1805-Jefferson 1821-Monroe 1841-Harrison 1885-Cleveland 1789-Washington #> 0.3022519 0.3001338 0.2994897 0.2954619 0.2754582 #> 1869-Grant 1913-Wilson 1829-Jackson 1813-Madison 1849-Taylor #> 0.2714465 0.2709982 0.2542158 0.2204151 0.2146147 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.1931231 0.1203414 #> #> $`1953-Eisenhower` #> 1957-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1989-Bush 1985-Reagan 1917-Wilson #> 0.5697960 0.5599790 0.4901962 0.4836829 0.4799998 #> 2013-Obama 1921-Harding 2005-Bush 1925-Coolidge 2009-Obama #> 0.4775487 0.4744444 0.4741806 0.4734002 0.4685294 #> 1969-Nixon 1981-Reagan 1929-Hoover 1961-Kennedy 1973-Nixon #> 0.4668923 0.4602540 0.4452336 0.4363746 0.4353019 #> 1853-Pierce 2001-Bush 1897-McKinley 1977-Carter 1993-Clinton #> 0.4293287 0.4278588 0.4276664 0.4224154 0.4150211 #> 1889-Harrison 1997-Clinton 1965-Johnson 1905-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.4115962 0.4094855 0.4081147 0.4057582 0.4027682 #> 1801-Jefferson 1945-Roosevelt 1937-Roosevelt 1901-McKinley 1837-VanBuren #> 0.3994105 0.3971161 0.3892457 0.3847295 0.3801474 #> 1893-Cleveland 1857-Buchanan 1881-Garfield 1877-Hayes 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.3793939 0.3721514 0.3705787 0.3679318 0.3676087 #> 1797-Adams 1841-Harrison 1885-Cleveland 1909-Taft 1845-Polk #> 0.3675941 0.3621996 0.3555655 0.3460538 0.3438238 #> 1817-Monroe 1861-Lincoln 1825-Adams 1873-Grant 2017-Trump #> 0.3405189 0.3348920 0.3273170 0.3267014 0.3229181 #> 1913-Wilson 1805-Jefferson 1821-Monroe 1869-Grant 1833-Jackson #> 0.3199213 0.3161758 0.3026077 0.2959296 0.2935102 #> 1809-Madison 1789-Washington 1829-Jackson 1849-Taylor 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2911477 0.2849542 0.2832473 0.2831229 0.2582410 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2340376 0.1707291 #> #> $`1957-Eisenhower` #> 1949-Truman 1953-Eisenhower 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 1929-Hoover #> 0.5896050 0.5697960 0.5090303 0.5010826 0.4667598 #> 2005-Bush 1969-Nixon 2009-Obama 1989-Bush 1985-Reagan #> 0.4579394 0.4545799 0.4526716 0.4510276 0.4487684 #> 1917-Wilson 1993-Clinton 1965-Johnson 2013-Obama 1977-Carter #> 0.4278873 0.4248806 0.4215125 0.4178088 0.4177848 #> 1797-Adams 1973-Nixon 1961-Kennedy 1897-McKinley 1981-Reagan #> 0.4166209 0.4099414 0.4066978 0.4015950 0.3903403 #> 1853-Pierce 1933-Roosevelt 1881-Garfield 1889-Harrison 1997-Clinton #> 0.3902983 0.3829366 0.3775163 0.3713340 0.3710816 #> 1837-VanBuren 1937-Roosevelt 1901-McKinley 1841-Harrison 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3648752 0.3648697 0.3642923 0.3618367 0.3606468 #> 2001-Bush 1945-Roosevelt 1857-Buchanan 1905-Roosevelt 1861-Lincoln #> 0.3594347 0.3557906 0.3554342 0.3554144 0.3461898 #> 1801-Jefferson 1909-Taft 2017-Trump 1913-Wilson 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3413371 0.3377490 0.3332719 0.3257373 0.3186442 #> 1821-Monroe 1825-Adams 1809-Madison 1817-Monroe 1877-Hayes #> 0.3174528 0.3143919 0.3125900 0.3068010 0.3051636 #> 1893-Cleveland 1845-Polk 1833-Jackson 1873-Grant 1869-Grant #> 0.3021953 0.2963222 0.2920183 0.2871959 0.2847335 #> 1885-Cleveland 1789-Washington 1829-Jackson 1865-Lincoln 1849-Taylor #> 0.2830985 0.2658538 0.2546078 0.2234429 0.2173703 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2011438 0.1489479 #> #> $`1961-Kennedy` #> 1973-Nixon 1969-Nixon 2009-Obama 1985-Reagan 1997-Clinton #> 0.5513486 0.5277247 0.5091416 0.4834772 0.4806903 #> 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush 1993-Clinton 1953-Eisenhower 1977-Carter #> 0.4708702 0.4656664 0.4562100 0.4363746 0.4317321 #> 2013-Obama 1949-Truman 2001-Bush 1801-Jefferson 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4281767 0.4169106 0.4116394 0.4112791 0.4066978 #> 2005-Bush 1965-Johnson 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 1917-Wilson #> 0.3885476 0.3853357 0.3818828 0.3817209 0.3733042 #> 1853-Pierce 1905-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson 2017-Trump #> 0.3448044 0.3431726 0.3348162 0.3250344 0.3237021 #> 1881-Garfield 1937-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1929-Hoover 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.3232345 0.3217498 0.3153838 0.3117939 0.3090879 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1841-Harrison 1857-Buchanan 1817-Monroe 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3014853 0.2949488 0.2935301 0.2905854 0.2879914 #> 1901-McKinley 1913-Wilson 1789-Washington 1821-Monroe 1897-McKinley #> 0.2783383 0.2777337 0.2776496 0.2764333 0.2760306 #> 1873-Grant 1869-Grant 1797-Adams 1877-Hayes 1889-Harrison #> 0.2751252 0.2747716 0.2721932 0.2682365 0.2660145 #> 1833-Jackson 1909-Taft 1809-Madison 1861-Lincoln 1893-Cleveland #> 0.2642527 0.2624799 0.2623687 0.2594003 0.2593488 #> 1845-Polk 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson 1885-Cleveland 1813-Madison #> 0.2586039 0.2552466 0.2549265 0.2467103 0.2432353 #> 1825-Adams 1793-Washington #> 0.2411087 0.1488205 #> #> $`1965-Johnson` #> 1997-Clinton 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 1993-Clinton #> 0.5582402 0.5461326 0.5460887 0.5398082 0.5326653 #> 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush 1969-Nixon 1977-Carter 2001-Bush #> 0.4889832 0.4844507 0.4821964 0.4689813 0.4331680 #> 2005-Bush 1941-Roosevelt 1973-Nixon 1925-Coolidge 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4298097 0.4271198 0.4256812 0.4244409 0.4215125 #> 1921-Harding 1905-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower 2017-Trump 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4185668 0.4084626 0.4081147 0.3997222 0.3991212 #> 1949-Truman 1961-Kennedy 1913-Wilson 1933-Roosevelt 1881-Garfield #> 0.3861429 0.3853357 0.3806983 0.3787525 0.3710219 #> 1929-Hoover 1853-Pierce 1897-McKinley 1917-Wilson 1889-Harrison #> 0.3651896 0.3645780 0.3561084 0.3553106 0.3488428 #> 1801-Jefferson 1901-McKinley 1893-Cleveland 1837-VanBuren 1817-Monroe #> 0.3444805 0.3432966 0.3426986 0.3372832 0.3313331 #> 1861-Lincoln 1825-Adams 1841-Harrison 1833-Jackson 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3305194 0.3266815 0.3249027 0.3220625 0.3146861 #> 1873-Grant 1869-Grant 1865-Lincoln 1797-Adams 1821-Monroe #> 0.3139855 0.3134386 0.3056071 0.3028871 0.2991746 #> 1845-Polk 1857-Buchanan 1877-Hayes 1909-Taft 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2915006 0.2898779 0.2877882 0.2872216 0.2869534 #> 1885-Cleveland 1789-Washington 1809-Madison 1813-Madison 1849-Taylor #> 0.2753046 0.2699161 0.2411914 0.2144883 0.2130845 #> 1829-Jackson 1793-Washington #> 0.2013386 0.1158932 #> #> $`1969-Nixon` #> 1973-Nixon 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 1997-Clinton 1989-Bush #> 0.6307540 0.6131919 0.5789409 0.5616332 0.5498085 #> 1981-Reagan 1961-Kennedy 1977-Carter 2013-Obama 1993-Clinton #> 0.5428321 0.5277247 0.5272334 0.5203205 0.5164905 #> 1965-Johnson 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1957-Eisenhower 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4821964 0.4668923 0.4635787 0.4545799 0.4506001 #> 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 1917-Wilson 2001-Bush 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.4470029 0.4440564 0.4304809 0.4289096 0.4285305 #> 2017-Trump 1905-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1881-Garfield 2005-Bush #> 0.4197822 0.4152377 0.3898278 0.3866037 0.3858397 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1801-Jefferson 1901-McKinley 1945-Roosevelt 1853-Pierce #> 0.3843350 0.3834961 0.3747539 0.3650109 0.3508435 #> 1893-Cleveland 1837-VanBuren 1897-McKinley 1889-Harrison 1913-Wilson #> 0.3475577 0.3433487 0.3415327 0.3372467 0.3372147 #> 1861-Lincoln 1797-Adams 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson 1817-Monroe #> 0.3361165 0.3354615 0.3203397 0.3156987 0.3141080 #> 1885-Cleveland 1841-Harrison 1805-Jefferson 1857-Buchanan 1845-Polk #> 0.3106038 0.3084443 0.2873633 0.2871253 0.2864377 #> 1869-Grant 1909-Taft 1821-Monroe 1825-Adams 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2843531 0.2810805 0.2778631 0.2728116 0.2615734 #> 1877-Hayes 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 1809-Madison 1829-Jackson #> 0.2600284 0.2565433 0.2431879 0.2388838 0.2382507 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2056461 0.1547878 #> #> $`1973-Nixon` #> 1969-Nixon 1997-Clinton 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 1993-Clinton #> 0.6307540 0.6304174 0.6086921 0.5870488 0.5595263 #> 1961-Kennedy 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush 1977-Carter 2013-Obama #> 0.5513486 0.5350769 0.5258539 0.5212548 0.5207653 #> 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge 2001-Bush 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman #> 0.4665732 0.4575601 0.4500744 0.4353019 0.4313315 #> 1965-Johnson 1929-Hoover 1957-Eisenhower 1905-Roosevelt 1801-Jefferson #> 0.4256812 0.4217683 0.4099414 0.4057806 0.4039554 #> 1937-Roosevelt 2017-Trump 1917-Wilson 2005-Bush 1901-McKinley #> 0.4030932 0.4019412 0.4015050 0.3809746 0.3674009 #> 1853-Pierce 1941-Roosevelt 1817-Monroe 1837-VanBuren 1881-Garfield #> 0.3663727 0.3631230 0.3576379 0.3409275 0.3402723 #> 1913-Wilson 1945-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1897-McKinley 1797-Adams #> 0.3358531 0.3352186 0.3344321 0.3277971 0.3162196 #> 1885-Cleveland 1893-Cleveland 1865-Lincoln 1889-Harrison 1873-Grant #> 0.3142944 0.3086599 0.3044307 0.3030936 0.3029232 #> 1833-Jackson 1821-Monroe 1909-Taft 1845-Polk 1805-Jefferson #> 0.2987847 0.2979595 0.2958791 0.2920521 0.2880267 #> 1825-Adams 1877-Hayes 1857-Buchanan 1861-Lincoln 1869-Grant #> 0.2875377 0.2856873 0.2768238 0.2753212 0.2726962 #> 1841-Harrison 1789-Washington 1849-Taylor 1809-Madison 1829-Jackson #> 0.2724012 0.2659431 0.2648700 0.2395726 0.2337291 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.1867194 0.1254362 #> #> $`1977-Carter` #> 1997-Clinton 2009-Obama 1969-Nixon 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama #> 0.5435184 0.5312681 0.5272334 0.5241943 0.5213535 #> 1973-Nixon 1989-Bush 1981-Reagan 1993-Clinton 1965-Johnson #> 0.5212548 0.5148977 0.4937330 0.4860111 0.4689813 #> 1925-Coolidge 1921-Harding 2001-Bush 1941-Roosevelt 1949-Truman #> 0.4648548 0.4468103 0.4417755 0.4372717 0.4336415 #> 1961-Kennedy 1953-Eisenhower 1929-Hoover 1937-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4317321 0.4224154 0.4215659 0.4209395 0.4177848 #> 2005-Bush 1853-Pierce 1905-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1881-Garfield #> 0.4119036 0.4082791 0.3937232 0.3872292 0.3859020 #> 1893-Cleveland 1917-Wilson 1897-McKinley 2017-Trump 1797-Adams #> 0.3683400 0.3675058 0.3630253 0.3619825 0.3575112 #> 1901-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 1861-Lincoln 1841-Harrison 1889-Harrison #> 0.3555812 0.3503372 0.3438505 0.3408687 0.3381240 #> 1817-Monroe 1913-Wilson 1801-Jefferson 1845-Polk 1909-Taft #> 0.3350757 0.3171919 0.3166596 0.3108614 0.3089595 #> 1789-Washington 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson 1877-Hayes 1885-Cleveland #> 0.3074803 0.3053836 0.2968750 0.2922812 0.2884110 #> 1805-Jefferson 1857-Buchanan 1825-Adams 1869-Grant 1821-Monroe #> 0.2877337 0.2864052 0.2844175 0.2784437 0.2754179 #> 1809-Madison 1829-Jackson 1945-Roosevelt 1813-Madison 1849-Taylor #> 0.2718734 0.2559296 0.2482199 0.2370958 0.2258813 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2200503 0.1215946 #> #> $`1981-Reagan` #> 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama 2009-Obama 1997-Clinton 1993-Clinton #> 0.6885376 0.6054181 0.5768486 0.5620486 0.5588243 #> 1969-Nixon 1973-Nixon 1989-Bush 2001-Bush 1977-Carter #> 0.5428321 0.5350769 0.5342227 0.4972389 0.4937330 #> 1965-Johnson 1925-Coolidge 1961-Kennedy 1953-Eisenhower 2005-Bush #> 0.4889832 0.4751669 0.4708702 0.4602540 0.4577205 #> 1929-Hoover 1921-Harding 1801-Jefferson 1937-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.4534502 0.4514076 0.4468190 0.4465921 0.4449909 #> 1853-Pierce 1881-Garfield 1897-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 2017-Trump #> 0.4275741 0.4264969 0.4253725 0.4235442 0.4234273 #> 1893-Cleveland 1941-Roosevelt 1817-Monroe 1901-McKinley 1949-Truman #> 0.4217664 0.4160886 0.4141263 0.4126744 0.4120769 #> 1933-Roosevelt 1833-Jackson 1841-Harrison 1845-Polk 1957-Eisenhower #> 0.4032167 0.3983167 0.3970450 0.3945872 0.3903403 #> 1917-Wilson 1885-Cleveland 1909-Taft 1877-Hayes 1889-Harrison #> 0.3868836 0.3764987 0.3651933 0.3640111 0.3607947 #> 1913-Wilson 1797-Adams 1861-Lincoln 1825-Adams 1873-Grant #> 0.3606712 0.3604570 0.3542295 0.3473596 0.3406648 #> 1857-Buchanan 1869-Grant 1821-Monroe 1805-Jefferson 1789-Washington #> 0.3335269 0.3243818 0.3241167 0.3222777 0.3184932 #> 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson 1945-Roosevelt 1865-Lincoln 1809-Madison #> 0.2946135 0.2897942 0.2758514 0.2435669 0.2307725 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2228786 0.1807804 #> #> $`1985-Reagan` #> 1981-Reagan 1997-Clinton 2013-Obama 1969-Nixon 1973-Nixon #> 0.6885376 0.6409087 0.6331729 0.6131919 0.6086921 #> 1993-Clinton 2009-Obama 1989-Bush 1965-Johnson 1977-Carter #> 0.5929382 0.5892557 0.5569825 0.5460887 0.5241943 #> 2005-Bush 1921-Harding 2001-Bush 1925-Coolidge 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.5113232 0.4992481 0.4951335 0.4865926 0.4836829 #> 1961-Kennedy 1949-Truman 2017-Trump 1937-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover #> 0.4834772 0.4786446 0.4734261 0.4635617 0.4572320 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1941-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower 1901-McKinley 1881-Garfield #> 0.4523774 0.4509283 0.4487684 0.4419497 0.4340529 #> 1897-McKinley 1801-Jefferson 1837-VanBuren 1893-Cleveland 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.4329481 0.4299841 0.4229021 0.4197610 0.4164116 #> 1917-Wilson 1853-Pierce 1817-Monroe 1833-Jackson 1845-Polk #> 0.4134828 0.4039254 0.3972248 0.3946123 0.3909127 #> 1841-Harrison 1861-Lincoln 1885-Cleveland 1877-Hayes 1889-Harrison #> 0.3861138 0.3746371 0.3723539 0.3666063 0.3633258 #> 1825-Adams 1873-Grant 1913-Wilson 1909-Taft 1797-Adams #> 0.3627623 0.3596551 0.3585252 0.3550064 0.3518366 #> 1857-Buchanan 1821-Monroe 1869-Grant 1945-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3474181 0.3464932 0.3397694 0.3251447 0.3109222 #> 1789-Washington 1865-Lincoln 1829-Jackson 1849-Taylor 1809-Madison #> 0.3099476 0.2919767 0.2696598 0.2604236 0.2393994 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2176824 0.1566667 #> #> $`1989-Bush` #> 1997-Clinton 2009-Obama 1985-Reagan 1969-Nixon 1993-Clinton #> 0.5723938 0.5721535 0.5569825 0.5498085 0.5463195 #> 1981-Reagan 2013-Obama 1973-Nixon 1977-Carter 2001-Bush #> 0.5342227 0.5290330 0.5258539 0.5148977 0.4982357 #> 1953-Eisenhower 1965-Johnson 1925-Coolidge 1961-Kennedy 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4901962 0.4844507 0.4729248 0.4656664 0.4647028 #> 2005-Bush 2017-Trump 1957-Eisenhower 1921-Harding 1949-Truman #> 0.4556697 0.4530407 0.4510276 0.4491063 0.4444935 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 1933-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1913-Wilson #> 0.4388543 0.4255205 0.4207578 0.4031800 0.4026653 #> 1917-Wilson 1897-McKinley 1901-McKinley 1881-Garfield 1853-Pierce #> 0.3957107 0.3720968 0.3700422 0.3683581 0.3666865 #> 1801-Jefferson 1841-Harrison 1817-Monroe 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams #> 0.3548621 0.3502181 0.3469659 0.3450895 0.3371522 #> 1821-Monroe 1909-Taft 1945-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1873-Grant #> 0.3349200 0.3343668 0.3298011 0.3265105 0.3252964 #> 1861-Lincoln 1877-Hayes 1893-Cleveland 1857-Buchanan 1789-Washington #> 0.3064260 0.3042248 0.3029683 0.3019823 0.3009686 #> 1805-Jefferson 1845-Polk 1825-Adams 1833-Jackson 1885-Cleveland #> 0.2996327 0.2995063 0.2786179 0.2714333 0.2672929 #> 1869-Grant 1865-Lincoln 1829-Jackson 1809-Madison 1849-Taylor #> 0.2588364 0.2322965 0.2313818 0.2194006 0.2186598 #> 1813-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.1994560 0.1032331 #> #> $`1993-Clinton` #> 1997-Clinton 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 2009-Obama 1973-Nixon #> 0.6258047 0.5997993 0.5929382 0.5925820 0.5595263 #> 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush 1965-Johnson 1921-Harding 1969-Nixon #> 0.5588243 0.5463195 0.5326653 0.5280024 0.5164905 #> 2017-Trump 1977-Carter 2001-Bush 1961-Kennedy 2005-Bush #> 0.4982465 0.4860111 0.4775110 0.4562100 0.4396107 #> 1925-Coolidge 1957-Eisenhower 1953-Eisenhower 1949-Truman 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.4343442 0.4248806 0.4150211 0.4077507 0.4002951 #> 1905-Roosevelt 1929-Hoover 1933-Roosevelt 1937-Roosevelt 1897-McKinley #> 0.3873502 0.3873057 0.3833884 0.3728748 0.3634187 #> 1917-Wilson 1893-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1881-Garfield 1837-VanBuren #> 0.3531579 0.3320685 0.3303073 0.3155277 0.3074947 #> 1853-Pierce 1801-Jefferson 1909-Taft 1889-Harrison 1797-Adams #> 0.3046861 0.3009083 0.2963380 0.2910656 0.2906913 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1833-Jackson 1913-Wilson 1885-Cleveland 1817-Monroe #> 0.2897563 0.2880758 0.2802481 0.2794881 0.2776478 #> 1861-Lincoln 1841-Harrison 1877-Hayes 1805-Jefferson 1845-Polk #> 0.2676464 0.2642458 0.2631935 0.2532498 0.2483582 #> 1821-Monroe 1873-Grant 1789-Washington 1857-Buchanan 1865-Lincoln #> 0.2480370 0.2460133 0.2426902 0.2384464 0.2330089 #> 1869-Grant 1825-Adams 1829-Jackson 1849-Taylor 1813-Madison #> 0.2186438 0.2098636 0.2081766 0.1979385 0.1823018 #> 1809-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.1771194 0.1475957 #> #> $`1997-Clinton` #> 1985-Reagan 1973-Nixon 2009-Obama 1993-Clinton 2013-Obama #> 0.6409087 0.6304174 0.6297973 0.6258047 0.6121809 #> 1989-Bush 1981-Reagan 1969-Nixon 1965-Johnson 2001-Bush #> 0.5723938 0.5620486 0.5616332 0.5582402 0.5442529 #> 1977-Carter 2017-Trump 1961-Kennedy 1937-Roosevelt 1921-Harding #> 0.5435184 0.4947457 0.4806903 0.4652568 0.4581415 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 2005-Bush 1925-Coolidge 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.4521912 0.4465023 0.4355170 0.4214550 0.4094855 #> 1881-Garfield 1837-VanBuren 1929-Hoover 1801-Jefferson 1933-Roosevelt #> 0.3968480 0.3960073 0.3895378 0.3815699 0.3805578 #> 1913-Wilson 1917-Wilson 1957-Eisenhower 1901-McKinley 1949-Truman #> 0.3796865 0.3767275 0.3710816 0.3698683 0.3694422 #> 1853-Pierce 1893-Cleveland 1897-McKinley 1889-Harrison 1817-Monroe #> 0.3691096 0.3676091 0.3619130 0.3455750 0.3424725 #> 1841-Harrison 1885-Cleveland 1845-Polk 1797-Adams 1877-Hayes #> 0.3349729 0.3337732 0.3209260 0.3202352 0.3140842 #> 1821-Monroe 1909-Taft 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson 1789-Washington #> 0.3128877 0.3111600 0.3095522 0.3080866 0.3008832 #> 1869-Grant 1805-Jefferson 1825-Adams 1861-Lincoln 1857-Buchanan #> 0.3003409 0.2971559 0.2970230 0.2962007 0.2852568 #> 1865-Lincoln 1945-Roosevelt 1849-Taylor 1829-Jackson 1813-Madison #> 0.2600949 0.2550062 0.2329438 0.2253343 0.2021484 #> 1809-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2004997 0.1226513 #> #> $`2001-Bush` #> 2013-Obama 1997-Clinton 2009-Obama 2005-Bush 1989-Bush #> 0.5561972 0.5442529 0.5411649 0.5204355 0.4982357 #> 1981-Reagan 1985-Reagan 1993-Clinton 2017-Trump 1973-Nixon #> 0.4972389 0.4951335 0.4775110 0.4518935 0.4500744 #> 1977-Carter 1925-Coolidge 1965-Johnson 1969-Nixon 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.4417755 0.4404389 0.4331680 0.4289096 0.4278588 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1921-Harding 1961-Kennedy 1929-Hoover 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.4192023 0.4191183 0.4116394 0.4091682 0.3986201 #> 1937-Roosevelt 1837-VanBuren 1853-Pierce 1877-Hayes 1917-Wilson #> 0.3964994 0.3844228 0.3689380 0.3676962 0.3621190 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1841-Harrison 1897-McKinley 1893-Cleveland 1817-Monroe #> 0.3594347 0.3547999 0.3501477 0.3483731 0.3474119 #> 1801-Jefferson 1933-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson 1949-Truman 1869-Grant #> 0.3473577 0.3434389 0.3405913 0.3401469 0.3388658 #> 1789-Washington 1913-Wilson 1797-Adams 1881-Garfield 1889-Harrison #> 0.3339442 0.3334160 0.3308235 0.3297729 0.3263570 #> 1901-McKinley 1885-Cleveland 1821-Monroe 1857-Buchanan 1825-Adams #> 0.3203372 0.3058224 0.3049073 0.3017249 0.2992344 #> 1873-Grant 1909-Taft 1845-Polk 1833-Jackson 1945-Roosevelt #> 0.2950418 0.2935492 0.2908441 0.2857197 0.2681689 #> 1809-Madison 1829-Jackson 1861-Lincoln 1813-Madison 1849-Taylor #> 0.2639921 0.2615693 0.2609850 0.2567662 0.2545149 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.2082204 0.1338624 #> #> $`2005-Bush` #> 2001-Bush 2013-Obama 1985-Reagan 1953-Eisenhower 1941-Roosevelt #> 0.5204355 0.5163644 0.5113232 0.4741806 0.4669590 #> 1957-Eisenhower 1981-Reagan 2009-Obama 1989-Bush 1949-Truman #> 0.4579394 0.4577205 0.4575297 0.4556697 0.4483708 #> 1993-Clinton 1925-Coolidge 1997-Clinton 2017-Trump 1965-Johnson #> 0.4396107 0.4372257 0.4355170 0.4349030 0.4298097 #> 1977-Carter 1921-Harding 1961-Kennedy 1969-Nixon 1929-Hoover #> 0.4119036 0.4104266 0.3885476 0.3858397 0.3851449 #> 1973-Nixon 1841-Harrison 1881-Garfield 1837-VanBuren 1797-Adams #> 0.3809746 0.3769007 0.3686078 0.3586770 0.3542807 #> 1853-Pierce 1937-Roosevelt 1901-McKinley 1897-McKinley 1801-Jefferson #> 0.3503059 0.3490076 0.3430009 0.3386054 0.3382253 #> 1877-Hayes 1857-Buchanan 1933-Roosevelt 1789-Washington 1845-Polk #> 0.3263778 0.3246647 0.3221107 0.3207017 0.3201896 #> 1889-Harrison 1917-Wilson 1825-Adams 1821-Monroe 1805-Jefferson #> 0.3181727 0.3166508 0.3151142 0.3142614 0.3106385 #> 1817-Monroe 1869-Grant 1905-Roosevelt 1913-Wilson 1861-Lincoln #> 0.3088534 0.3080354 0.3049046 0.3024197 0.2965053 #> 1809-Madison 1909-Taft 1893-Cleveland 1873-Grant 1833-Jackson #> 0.2946444 0.2919979 0.2903244 0.2837963 0.2777048 #> 1945-Roosevelt 1885-Cleveland 1813-Madison 1829-Jackson 1849-Taylor #> 0.2666159 0.2652376 0.2529588 0.2468658 0.2048017 #> 1865-Lincoln 1793-Washington #> 0.1877917 0.1479523 #> #> $`2009-Obama` #> 2013-Obama 1997-Clinton 1993-Clinton 1985-Reagan 1973-Nixon #> 0.6373318 0.6297973 0.5925820 0.5892557 0.5870488 #> 1969-Nixon 1981-Reagan 1989-Bush 2001-Bush 1965-Johnson #> 0.5789409 0.5768486 0.5721535 0.5411649 0.5398082 #> 1977-Carter 1961-Kennedy 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.5312681 0.5091416 0.4806676 0.4693298 0.4685294 #> 1921-Harding 2005-Bush 1925-Coolidge 1957-Eisenhower 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4602595 0.4575297 0.4568061 0.4526716 0.4484460 #> 2017-Trump 1917-Wilson 1933-Roosevelt 1853-Pierce 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4481950 0.4465655 0.4397100 0.4139509 0.4129316 #> 1949-Truman 1929-Hoover 1913-Wilson 1801-Jefferson 1901-McKinley #> 0.4115157 0.4034583 0.4002097 0.3880120 0.3873509 #> 1893-Cleveland 1881-Garfield 1897-McKinley 1817-Monroe 1889-Harrison #> 0.3829927 0.3826476 0.3679430 0.3647328 0.3517380 #> 1869-Grant 1841-Harrison 1797-Adams 1909-Taft 1789-Washington #> 0.3476426 0.3413496 0.3407316 0.3255123 0.3194943 #> 1805-Jefferson 1877-Hayes 1945-Roosevelt 1873-Grant 1857-Buchanan #> 0.3191722 0.3171187 0.3135353 0.3130723 0.3122723 #> 1821-Monroe 1861-Lincoln 1885-Cleveland 1833-Jackson 1865-Lincoln #> 0.3101363 0.3063815 0.2986415 0.2959844 0.2925002 #> 1845-Polk 1825-Adams 1849-Taylor 1809-Madison 1813-Madison #> 0.2913341 0.2885442 0.2745784 0.2727024 0.2634836 #> 1829-Jackson 1793-Washington #> 0.2628820 0.1385268 #> #> $`2013-Obama` #> 2009-Obama 1985-Reagan 1997-Clinton 1981-Reagan 1993-Clinton #> 0.6373318 0.6331729 0.6121809 0.6054181 0.5997993 #> 2001-Bush 1965-Johnson 1989-Bush 1977-Carter 1973-Nixon #> 0.5561972 0.5461326 0.5290330 0.5213535 0.5207653 #> 1969-Nixon 2005-Bush 1953-Eisenhower 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge #> 0.5203205 0.5163644 0.4775487 0.4697207 0.4675948 #> 2017-Trump 1941-Roosevelt 1905-Roosevelt 1897-McKinley 1837-VanBuren #> 0.4546945 0.4528271 0.4418617 0.4369620 0.4367400 #> 1949-Truman 1961-Kennedy 1937-Roosevelt 1957-Eisenhower 1901-McKinley #> 0.4336559 0.4281767 0.4192635 0.4178088 0.4151365 #> 1893-Cleveland 1933-Roosevelt 1853-Pierce 1917-Wilson 1929-Hoover #> 0.4134454 0.4128701 0.4101503 0.4052630 0.4048635 #> 1881-Garfield 1817-Monroe 1841-Harrison 1801-Jefferson 1877-Hayes #> 0.3933721 0.3880594 0.3863257 0.3814785 0.3706975 #> 1889-Harrison 1909-Taft 1797-Adams 1833-Jackson 1869-Grant #> 0.3600069 0.3556185 0.3548880 0.3485030 0.3473703 #> 1861-Lincoln 1821-Monroe 1913-Wilson 1805-Jefferson 1885-Cleveland #> 0.3453801 0.3426786 0.3422062 0.3417981 0.3414678 #> 1845-Polk 1789-Washington 1945-Roosevelt 1825-Adams 1857-Buchanan #> 0.3386331 0.3266718 0.3193821 0.3193539 0.3131931 #> 1873-Grant 1865-Lincoln 1829-Jackson 1809-Madison 1813-Madison #> 0.3097694 0.2883459 0.2716377 0.2582284 0.2474360 #> 1849-Taylor 1793-Washington #> 0.2454837 0.1693882 #> #> $`2017-Trump` #> 1993-Clinton 1997-Clinton 1985-Reagan 2013-Obama 1989-Bush #> 0.4982465 0.4947457 0.4734261 0.4546945 0.4530407 #> 2001-Bush 2009-Obama 2005-Bush 1981-Reagan 1969-Nixon #> 0.4518935 0.4481950 0.4349030 0.4234273 0.4197822 #> 1921-Harding 1925-Coolidge 1973-Nixon 1965-Johnson 1937-Roosevelt #> 0.4085250 0.4053082 0.4019412 0.3997222 0.3701930 #> 1941-Roosevelt 1977-Carter 1897-McKinley 1837-VanBuren 1797-Adams #> 0.3639366 0.3619825 0.3606982 0.3528903 0.3526032 #> 1929-Hoover 1957-Eisenhower 1841-Harrison 1961-Kennedy 1953-Eisenhower #> 0.3380369 0.3332719 0.3327232 0.3237021 0.3229181 #> 1881-Garfield 1877-Hayes 1949-Truman 1889-Harrison 1817-Monroe #> 0.3186152 0.3166383 0.3144166 0.3132196 0.3123459 #> 1913-Wilson 1885-Cleveland 1901-McKinley 1821-Monroe 1873-Grant #> 0.3097255 0.3096608 0.3088027 0.3065480 0.3052610 #> 1893-Cleveland 1845-Polk 1853-Pierce 1857-Buchanan 1917-Wilson #> 0.3036888 0.3010016 0.3006301 0.2985968 0.2975482 #> 1869-Grant 1933-Roosevelt 1789-Washington 1861-Lincoln 1905-Roosevelt #> 0.2932941 0.2920648 0.2920311 0.2846567 0.2840254 #> 1909-Taft 1833-Jackson 1825-Adams 1801-Jefferson 1849-Taylor #> 0.2792934 0.2658828 0.2546325 0.2495679 0.2293634 #> 1813-Madison 1945-Roosevelt 1805-Jefferson 1809-Madison 1793-Washington #> 0.2220188 0.2111098 0.2022343 0.1989042 0.1945727 #> 1829-Jackson 1865-Lincoln #> 0.1906166 0.1853258 #># similarities for for specific documents textstat_simil(pres_dfm, "2017-Trump", margin = "documents")#> 2017-Trump #> 1789-Washington 0.2690870 #> 1793-Washington 0.1852174 #> 1797-Adams 0.3317497 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.2243434 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.1738931 #> 1809-Madison 0.1729485 #> 1813-Madison 0.1990502 #> 1817-Monroe 0.2886012 #> 1821-Monroe 0.2800990 #> 1825-Adams 0.2275511 #> 1829-Jackson 0.1653857 #> 1833-Jackson 0.2462825 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3266903 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3064850 #> 1845-Polk 0.2771014 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2075707 #> 1853-Pierce 0.2729333 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.2752967 #> 1861-Lincoln 0.2615129 #> 1865-Lincoln 0.1668100 #> 1869-Grant 0.2733190 #> 1873-Grant 0.2839816 #> 1877-Hayes 0.2940639 #> 1881-Garfield 0.2949147 #> 1885-Cleveland 0.2886662 #> 1889-Harrison 0.2859911 #> 1893-Cleveland 0.2798190 #> 1897-McKinley 0.3382019 #> 1901-McKinley 0.2849659 #> 1905-Roosevelt 0.2664952 #> 1909-Taft 0.2500908 #> 1913-Wilson 0.2882817 #> 1917-Wilson 0.2779474 #> 1921-Harding 0.3866971 #> 1925-Coolidge 0.3832096 #> 1929-Hoover 0.3150063 #> 1933-Roosevelt 0.2677784 #> 1937-Roosevelt 0.3501745 #> 1941-Roosevelt 0.3468748 #> 1945-Roosevelt 0.1946755 #> 1949-Truman 0.2941836 #> 1953-Eisenhower 0.3002816 #> 1957-Eisenhower 0.3149555 #> 1961-Kennedy 0.3048824 #> 1965-Johnson 0.3839600 #> 1969-Nixon 0.4028158 #> 1973-Nixon 0.3893500 #> 1977-Carter 0.3450210 #> 1981-Reagan 0.4045032 #> 1985-Reagan 0.4567601 #> 1989-Bush 0.4356976 #> 1993-Clinton 0.4853018 #> 1997-Clinton 0.4813818 #> 2001-Bush 0.4353474 #> 2005-Bush 0.4178703 #> 2009-Obama 0.4289817 #> 2013-Obama 0.4372527 #> 2017-Trump 1.0000000textstat_simil(pres_dfm, "2017-Trump", method = "cosine", margin = "documents")#> 2017-Trump #> 1789-Washington 0.2920311 #> 1793-Washington 0.1945727 #> 1797-Adams 0.3526032 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.2495679 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.2022343 #> 1809-Madison 0.1989042 #> 1813-Madison 0.2220188 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3123459 #> 1821-Monroe 0.3065480 #> 1825-Adams 0.2546325 #> 1829-Jackson 0.1906166 #> 1833-Jackson 0.2658828 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3528903 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3327232 #> 1845-Polk 0.3010016 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2293634 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3006301 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.2985968 #> 1861-Lincoln 0.2846567 #> 1865-Lincoln 0.1853258 #> 1869-Grant 0.2932941 #> 1873-Grant 0.3052610 #> 1877-Hayes 0.3166383 #> 1881-Garfield 0.3186152 #> 1885-Cleveland 0.3096608 #> 1889-Harrison 0.3132196 #> 1893-Cleveland 0.3036888 #> 1897-McKinley 0.3606982 #> 1901-McKinley 0.3088027 #> 1905-Roosevelt 0.2840254 #> 1909-Taft 0.2792934 #> 1913-Wilson 0.3097255 #> 1917-Wilson 0.2975482 #> 1921-Harding 0.4085250 #> 1925-Coolidge 0.4053082 #> 1929-Hoover 0.3380369 #> 1933-Roosevelt 0.2920648 #> 1937-Roosevelt 0.3701930 #> 1941-Roosevelt 0.3639366 #> 1945-Roosevelt 0.2111098 #> 1949-Truman 0.3144166 #> 1953-Eisenhower 0.3229181 #> 1957-Eisenhower 0.3332719 #> 1961-Kennedy 0.3237021 #> 1965-Johnson 0.3997222 #> 1969-Nixon 0.4197822 #> 1973-Nixon 0.4019412 #> 1977-Carter 0.3619825 #> 1981-Reagan 0.4234273 #> 1985-Reagan 0.4734261 #> 1989-Bush 0.4530407 #> 1993-Clinton 0.4982465 #> 1997-Clinton 0.4947457 #> 2001-Bush 0.4518935 #> 2005-Bush 0.4349030 #> 2009-Obama 0.4481950 #> 2013-Obama 0.4546945 #> 2017-Trump 1.0000000textstat_simil(pres_dfm, c("2009-Obama" , "2013-Obama"), margin = "documents")#> 2009-Obama 2013-Obama #> 1789-Washington 0.2898156 0.3001697 #> 1793-Washington 0.1254676 0.1580668 #> 1797-Adams 0.3121088 0.3295999 #> 1801-Jefferson 0.3602683 0.3562139 #> 1805-Jefferson 0.2864628 0.3133933 #> 1809-Madison 0.2410808 0.2291313 #> 1813-Madison 0.2345384 0.2206578 #> 1817-Monroe 0.3349151 0.3622362 #> 1821-Monroe 0.2738471 0.3117793 #> 1825-Adams 0.2533610 0.2891538 #> 1829-Jackson 0.2321521 0.2442050 #> 1833-Jackson 0.2712850 0.3277420 #> 1837-VanBuren 0.3794978 0.4084065 #> 1841-Harrison 0.3052590 0.3564273 #> 1845-Polk 0.2584699 0.3110344 #> 1849-Taylor 0.2474031 0.2198306 #> 1853-Pierce 0.3818575 0.3814386 #> 1857-Buchanan 0.2814147 0.2854185 #> 1861-Lincoln 0.2761939 0.3196688 #> 1865-Lincoln 0.2718312 0.2692735 #> 1869-Grant 0.3233220 0.3252315 #> 1873-Grant 0.2849574 0.2842043 #> 1877-Hayes 0.2866434 0.3453799 #> 1881-Garfield 0.3534099 0.3675581 #> 1885-Cleveland 0.2701534 0.3172658 #> 1889-Harrison 0.3160435 0.3286212 #> 1893-Cleveland 0.3542930 0.3889063 #> 1897-McKinley 0.3374610 0.4126094 #> 1901-McKinley 0.3586458 0.3905017 #> 1905-Roosevelt 0.4530239 0.4258608 #> 1909-Taft 0.2877035 0.3234952 #> 1913-Wilson 0.3753134 0.3174643 #> 1917-Wilson 0.4264152 0.3854028 #> 1921-Harding 0.4324358 0.4453711 #> 1925-Coolidge 0.4285804 0.4429692 #> 1929-Hoover 0.3751454 0.3794904 #> 1933-Roosevelt 0.4136515 0.3883072 #> 1937-Roosevelt 0.4248972 0.3968173 #> 1941-Roosevelt 0.4627499 0.4353917 #> 1945-Roosevelt 0.2955131 0.3029077 #> 1949-Truman 0.3885288 0.4135329 #> 1953-Eisenhower 0.4444923 0.4562513 #> 1957-Eisenhower 0.4331353 0.3987127 #> 1961-Kennedy 0.4914643 0.4091537 #> 1965-Johnson 0.5245528 0.5321393 #> 1969-Nixon 0.5628833 0.5034602 #> 1973-Nixon 0.5774647 0.5095345 #> 1977-Carter 0.5154362 0.5063361 #> 1981-Reagan 0.5580184 0.5895543 #> 1985-Reagan 0.5717801 0.6189883 #> 1989-Bush 0.5539200 0.5108044 #> 1993-Clinton 0.5796081 0.5878170 #> 1997-Clinton 0.6177234 0.6002095 #> 2001-Bush 0.5228251 0.5399960 #> 2005-Bush 0.4357955 0.4987423 #> 2009-Obama 1.0000000 0.6217273 #> 2013-Obama 0.6217273 1.0000000 #> 2017-Trump 0.4289817 0.4372527# compute some term similarities s2 <- textstat_simil(pres_dfm, c("fair", "health", "terror"), method = "cosine", margin = "features") head(as.matrix(s2), 10)#> fair health terror #> fellow-citizens 0.5036169 0.26882663 0.07012869 #> senate 0.4106594 0.32101212 0.04938648 #> house 0.2898855 0.23008950 0.15339300 #> representatives 0.4040610 0.32071349 0.10690450 #> among 0.5027607 0.26294250 0.12373764 #> vicissitudes 0.1603567 0.07071068 0.00000000 #> incident 0.3450328 0.13693064 0.00000000 #> life 0.3913624 0.48410541 0.34963168 #> event 0.4714540 0.08134892 0.10846523 #> filled 0.1690309 0.39131190 0.11180340as.list(s2, n = 8)#> $fair #> united great best thus present preserve cultivate every #> 0.7283118 0.7260643 0.7148319 0.7037316 0.7018624 0.6920211 0.6872565 0.6830623 #> #> $health #> culture instrumentality ideals denial heightened #> 0.7378648 0.7378648 0.7361216 0.7071068 0.6708204 #> associations discourage insidious #> 0.6708204 0.6708204 0.6708204 #> #> $terror #> plague tragedy mystical split atom commonplace #> 0.6708204 0.6708204 0.6708204 0.6708204 0.6708204 0.6708204 #> guarantee martin #> 0.6708204 0.6708204 #>